تأثیر کود دامی و تنش کم‌آبی بر جذب عناصر غذایی و برخی ویژگی‌های بیوشیمیایی در گیاه کاسنی (Cichorium intybus L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته دکتری گروه علوم زراعی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

2 استادیار گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

3 استادیار، بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان آذربایجان غربی، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی،

4 دانشیار، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

5 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه علوم ومهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، ارومیه،ایران

چکیده

تنش کم‌آبی مهم‌ترین عامل غیرزنده در کاهش رشد و تولید گیاهان محسوب می‌شود. به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر سطوح مختلف آبیاری و کود دامی بر ویژگی‌های بیوشیمیایی و جذب عناصر غذایی گیاه دارویی کاسنی، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل سطوح رطوبتی (50،  70 و 90 درصد رطوبت ظرفیت مزرعه‌ای) و مقادیر مصرفی کود گاوی پوسیده (صفر، 10، 20 و 30 تن در هکتار کود دامی) بودند. نتایج تجزیه واریانس داده‌ها نشان داد که محتوای فسفر و پتاسیم دانه، قندهای محلول، پرولین، گلایسین بتائین، گلوتاتیون و اسید آسکوربات گیاه دارویی کاسنی در سطح احتمال یک درصد تحت‌تأثیر سطوح مختلف آبیاری و مقادیر مصرفی کود دامی قرار گرفت. اثر متقابل تیمارهای آزمایشی (سطوح رطوبتی × مقادیر مصرفی کود دامی) بر میزان جذب عناصر غذایی کم‌مصرف (روی، مس و منگنز) و محتوای رطوبت نسبی در سطح احتمال یک درصد، فعالیت آنزیمی کاتالاز در سطح احتمال 5 درصد، گلوتاتیون ردوکتاز و آسکوربات پراکسیداز و عملکرد علوفه گیاه دارویی کاسنی نیز در سطح احتمال یک درصد معنی‌دار بود. نتایج مقایسه میانگین نشان داد که با افزایش تنش کم‌آبی محتوای فسفر، پتاسیم، گلوتاتیون و آسکوربیک اسید به طور معنی‌داری کاهش می‌یابد. درحالی‌که بیشترین میزان قندهای محلول کل، پرولین و گلایسین بتائین در شرایط تنش شدید آبی به دست آمد. مقادیر مصرفی 30 تن در هکتار کود دامی در مقایسه با شاهد، میزان فسفر، پتاسیم، قندهای محلول کل، گلوتاتیون و اسید آسکوربات را به ترتیب 44، 42، 27، 26 و 41 درصد افزایش داد. افزایش مقادیر مصرفی کود دامی نقش مؤثری در جذب عناصر ریزمغذی (روی، مس و منگنز به ترتیب با مقادیر 57/2، 74/0 و 72/1 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم) و بهبود محتوای رطوبت نسبی (54/83 درصد) و عملکرد بیوماس کاسنی (83/2506 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در هر یک از سطوح آبیاری شد؛ لذا، در تیمارهای مختلف تنش، استفاده از کود دامی با کاهش آسیب اکسیداتیو ناشی از کم‌آبی سبب بهبود جذب عناصر غذایی و برخی ویژگی‌های بیوشیمیایی گیاه کاسنی در راستای کشاورزی پایدار می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Manure and Water Stress on Nutrient Uptake and Some Biochemical Properties in Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Saeid Heydarzadeh 1
  • Amir Rahimi 2
  • Abdollah Hassanzadeh Ghortepeh 3
  • Reza Amirnia 4
  • Roghayeh Vahedi 5
1 PhD Graduate of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
2 Assist. Prof. Dept. of Agronomy and Plants Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
3 Assist. Prof., Horticulture Crop Science Research Dept., West Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, (AREEO), Urmia, Iran.
4 Assoc. Prof, Dept. of Agronomy and Plants Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
5 Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
چکیده [English]

Water stress is the most important non-living factor in reducing plant growth and production. In order to investigate the effect of different levels of irrigation and manure on biochemical properties and nutrient uptake of chicory, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Experimental treatments included moisture levels (50, 70 and 90% of field capacity moisture) and doses of rotten cow manure (zero, 10, 20 and 30 tons per hectare of manure). The results of analysis of variance showed that the content of phosphorus and potassium, soluble sugars, proline, glycine betaine, glutathione and ascorbic acid of chicory were affected by different levels of irrigation and fertilizer consumption at a probability level of 1 %. Interaction of experimental treatments (moisture levels× amounts of manure consumption) on the uptake of trace nutrients (zinc, copper and manganese) and relative moisture content at a probability level of 1%, catalase enzyme activity at a probability level of 5%, glutathione reductase and ascorbate peroxidase and forage yield of chicory were also significant at the level of 1% probability. The results showed that with increasing water stress, the content of phosphorus, potassium, glutathione and ascorbic acid significantly decreases. While the highest amount of total soluble sugars, proline and glycine betaine was obtained under conditions of severe water stress. Consumption of 30 tons per hectare of manure the amount of phosphorus, potassium, total soluble sugars, glutathione and ascorbic acid increased by 44, 42, 27, 26 and 41%, respectively, compared to the control. Increasing the consumption of livestock manure played an effective role in the absorption of micronutrients (zinc, copper and manganese with values of 2.57, 0.74 and 1.72 mg/kg, respectively) and improving the relative moisture content (83.54%) and yield of chicory biomass (250/83 kg/ha) at each irrigation level. Therefore, in different stress treatments, the use of manure by reducing the oxidative damage caused by dehydration improves the absorption of nutrients and some biochemical characteristics of chicory plant for sustainable agriculture.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Ascorbic acid
  • Antioxidant
  • Organic fertilizer
  • Irrigation deficiency

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تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران
دوره 53، شماره 2
اردیبهشت 1401
صفحه 305-315

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