کاربرد نقشه‌برداری رقومی در پهنه‌بندی ذرات اولیه و برآورد هدایت هیدرولیکی اشباع خاک به‌منظور مدیریت بهینه حوزه‌های آبخیز (مطالعه موردی: حوزه آبخیز دامغان‎رود)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مناطق خشک، دانشکده کویرشناسی، دانشگاه سمنان، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه مدیریت مناطق خشک، دانشکده کویرشناسی، دانشگاه سمنان، ایران.

3 استادیار،گروه مدیریت مناطق خشک، دانشکده کویرشناسی، دانشگاه سمنان، ایران

4 استادیار، گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز. ایران

چکیده

توزیع اندازه ذرات اولیه خاک یکی از مهم‌ترین خصوصیات خاک بوده که بر بسیاری از خصوصیات هیدرولیکی خاک از جمله هدایت هیدرولیکی اشباع، مؤثر است؛ لذا دانش دقیق از نحوه پراکنش اندازه ذرات خاک در حوزه آبخیز بر مدیریت بهینه حوزه آبخیز بسیار تأثیرگذار است. در این مطالعه تغییرات مکانی ذرات شن، سیلت و رس خاک در سطح حوزه آبخیز دامغان‎رود با قدرت تفکیک مکانی 30 متر در عمق 30-0 سانتی‎متری، 60-30 سانتی‎متری پیش‎بینی شد. به این منظور 110 نقطه نمونه‎برداری با استفاده از روش مکعب لاتین تعیین شد و نمونه‎برداری در دو عمق انجام گرفت. متغیرهای محیطی از تصاویر ماهواره لندست و مدل رقومی ارتفاع (DEM) استخراج شدند. جهت ارتباط بین ذرات خاک و متغیرهـای محیطی از مدل RF استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که ضریب تبیین مدل RF در عمق 30-0 سانتی‎متری برای ذرات رس، شن و سیلت با دامنه‎ای به ترتیب برابر با 6/0، 52/0 و 71/0 و در عمق 60-30 سانتی‎متری به ترتیب برابر با 69/0، 67/0 و 49/0 به دست آمد. در لایه سطحی، متغیرهای کمکی مستخرج از داده­های سنجش‌ازدور و در لایه عمقی، متغیرهای مستخرج از DEM بیشترین ارتباط را با داده‎های ذرات خاک داشتند. مقادیر هدایت هیدرولیکی اشباع خاک (Ks) برآورد شده با استفاده از توابع انتقالی بین 08/0 تا 1 متر در روز متغیر بود، که کمترین مقدار Ks در اراضی با رخنمون­های سنگی و خاک‎های مارنی مشاهده شد. نتایج نشان داد که پراکنش مکانی هدایت هیدرولیکی اشباع خاک (Ks) مشتق شده از داده­های شن و رس، به‌خوبی با واقعیت منطقه همخوانی داشت. به‌طوری‌که کمترین مقادیر Ks در مناطق با رخنمون سنگی و در خاک­های مارنی مشاهده شد. 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Application of Digital Soil Mapping in Soil Particle Size Zonation and Estimation of Saturated Soil Hydraulic Conductivity for Optimal Management of Watersheds (Case Study: Damghanrood Watershed)

نویسندگان [English]

  • mahin khosravi 1
  • Ali. Asghar Zolfaghari 2
  • Seyed Hasan Kaboli 3
  • Heidar Ghafari 4
1 Ph D. Student, Management of Arid Areas Department, Faculty of Desertification University of Semnan, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Dep. of Arid lands management, Faculty of Desert Science; Semnan University. Iran.
3 Assistant Professor, Dep. of Arid lands management, Faculty of Desert Science; Semnan University. Iran.
4 Soil science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz,. Ahvaz,. Iran.
چکیده [English]

The soil particle size distribution is one of the most important of soil properties that effect on the soil hydraulic properties, including saturated hydraulic conductivity. Therefore, accurate knowledge of spatial distributon of soil particle size in the watershed is very effective on the optimal management of the watershed. In this study, the spatial distribution of sand, silt and clay particles were predicted in the Damghanrood watershed with a spatial resolution of 30 m at the depths of 0-30, 30-60 cm. For this purpose, 110 soil sampling points were determined using conditional Latin hypercube sampling (cLHS) method. Environmental variables were extracted from Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) satellite and digital elevation model (DEM). The random forest (RF) model was used for determined the relationship between soil particles and environmental variables. The results showed that the coefficient of determination (R2) of the RF model at a depth of 0-30 cm for clay, sand and silt particles with a range of 0.6, 0.52 and 0.71, respectively, and at a depth of 30-60 cm, respectively. It was obtained with 0.69, 0.67 and 0.49. In the surface layer, the auxiliary variables extracted from the remote sensing data and in the deep layer, the variables extracted from the most part were related to the soil particle data. The results showed that the coefficient of determination (R2) of the RF model for prediction clay, sand and silt fractions at depth of 0-30 cm was of 0.6, 0.52 and 0.71, respectively, and at a depth of 30-60 cm, for prediction of these fraction the R2 value was 0.69, 0.67 and 0.49, respectively. In the surface layer, the auxiliary variables extracted from the remote sensing data were more important variables for prediction of particle fraction but in deep layer, the terrain attributes were the most important variables in prediction of particle size fractions. The values of saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) estimated using pedotransfer functions varied between 0.08 to 1 m / day. The lowest amount of Ks was observed in lands with rock outcrops and marl soils. The results showed that the spatial distribution of Ks derived from sand and clay data was well overly with the reality of the region. So that the lowest values of Ks were observed in areas with rock outcrops and in marly soils.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • "Environmental covariates"
  • "Random Forest model"
  • "Pedotransfer function"
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