اثر کاربرد ورمی‌کمپوست و بیوچار بر خصوصیات مرفوفیزیولوژیک کینوا در شرایط تنش خشکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجو دکتری گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده فنی مهندسی، واحد کرمان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرمان، ایران.

2 دانشیار گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده فنی مهندسی، واحد کرمان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرمان، ایران.

3 گروه کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

چکیده

به­منظور بررسی اثر کاربرد کودهای ورمی­کمپوست و بیوچار بر خصوصیات فیزیولوژیک، شاخص­های رشد و عملکرد دانه کینوا در دورهای آبیاری مختلف، آزمایشی به­صورت اسپلیت پلات و در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در مزرعه تحقیقاتی واقع در شهر کرمان در سال 1399 اجرا شد. در این مطالعه واکنش گیاه کینوا (رقم Titicaca) با سه دور آبیاری (70، 100 و 130 میلی­متر از تشتک تبخیر کلاس A) و چهار تیمار کود آلی (شاهد، ورمی­کمپوست، بیوچار و ترکیب ورمی­کمپوست و بیوچار) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که افزایش دور آبیاری از 70 به 130 میلی­متر باعث کاهش ارتفاع بوته (9/23 درصد)، طول پانیکول (6/17 درصد)، وزن هزار دانه (6/22 درصد)، و عملکرد دانه (6/21 درصد) کینوا شد. استفاده از تیمار کود آلی بیوچار+ ورمی­کمپوست (به نسبت مساوی 10 تن در هکتار) در دور آبیاری 130 میلی­متر از تشتک تبخیر موجب افزایش کلروفیل کل (96 درصد) و شاخص سطح برگ (5/15 درصد) و کاهش مقدار پرولین (48 درصد) در مقایسه با شاهد با دور آبیاری یکسان شد. در این مطالعه همچنین بیشترین ارتفاع بوته (97 سانتی­متر)، طول پانیکول (4/15 سانتی­متر)، وزن هزار دانه (141/3 گرم) و عملکرد دانه (94/321 گرم در مترمربع) در تیمار کود آلی بیوچار+ ورمی­کمپوست مشاهده شد که در هیچ یک از صفات نامبرده اختلاف معنی­داری با تیمار ورمی­کمپوست نداشت. در مجموع می­توان گفت که کاربرد کود آلی بیوچار+ ورمی­کمپوست از طریق افزایش ظرفیت نگهداری آب در خاک و همچنین عناصر غذایی خاک باعث بهبود رشد و نمو گیاه کینوا در شرایط تنش خشکی می­شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Vermicompost and Biochar Application on Morphophysiological Characteristics of Quinoa under Drought Stress Conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Mohkami 1
  • Najme Yazdanpanah 2
  • Amirhosein Saeidnejad 3
1 Dep. of Water Eng., Technical Engineering Faculty, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran.
2 Dep. of Water Eng., Technical Engineering Faculty, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran
3 Department of Agriculture, Payam Noor University,Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

In order to investigate the effect of vermicompost and biochar fertilizers on physiological characteristics, growth indices, and grain yield of quinoa in different irrigation frequencies, a split-plot experiment based on randomized complete block design was carried out in the research farm of Kerman in 2020. In this study, the reaction of quinoa (Titicaca cultivar) to three irrigation frequencies (70, 100, and 130 mm from class A evaporation pan) and four organic fertilizers (control, vermicompost, biochar, and vermicompost + biochar) were investigated. The results showed that increasing irrigation frequency significantly reduced the plant height (23.9%), panicle length (17.6%), 1000-seed weight (22.6%), and quinoa grain yield (21.6%). Application of biochar + vermicompost treatment (in equal proportions of 10 tons per hectare) with irrigation frequency of 130 mm from class A evaporation pan increased total chlorophyll (96%) and leaf area index (15.5%) and decreased proline content (48%) compared to control with the same irrigation frequency. In this study, the highest plant height (97 cm), panicle length (15.4 cm), 1000-seed weight (3.141 g), and grain yield (321.94 g/m2) were observed from biochar + vermicompost treatment, which was not significantly different from vermicompost treatment in none of the mentioned traits. In general, it can be concluded that the application of biochar + vermicompost in equal proportions of 10 tons per hectare by increasing the water holding capacity of the soil and also soil nutrients improves the growth and development of quinoa under drought stress.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biochar
  • Chlorophyll
  • Grain yield
  • Protein
  • Quinoa
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