اثرات برگ خرما و بیوچار حاصل از آن بر عملکرد و کارآیی مصرف آب ذرت علوفه‌ای

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران.

2 استادیار گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد

3 دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت منابع خاک، گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، ایران

چکیده

بیوچار نقش مهمی در استفادة بهینه از آب در بخش کشاورزی و بهبود عملکرد گیاه و کارایی مصرف آب گیاهان دارد. ازاین‌رو، این پژوهش با­ هدف بررسی اثرات کاربرد برگ­­خرما و بیوچار حاصل ­از ­آن بر عملکرد، اجزای­ عملکرد و کارایی ­مصرف ­آب ذرت ­علوفه­ای در یک خاک لوم­رسی ­شنی در شرایط یکسان بررسی گردید. آزمایش به­صورت طرح کاملاً تصادفی با دو نوع ماده اصلاحی برگ خرما و بیوچار حاصل از آن هر کدام در شش سطح (شاهد، 5/0، 1، 2، 3 و 5/4 درصد وزنی به ترتیب تیمارهای برگ خرما C0، D1، D2، D3، D4 و D5 و تیمارهای C0، B1، B2، B3، B4، B5) و در سه تکرار به­صورت آزمایش گلخانه­ای انجام گرفت. ویژگی­های ارتفاع، قطر ­ساقه، وزن­­ تر و خشک اندام­­ هوایی گیاه، وزن و حجم­ ریشه اندازه‎گیری شد و کارایی ­مصرف ­­آب ­گیاه بر اساس عملکرد ماده خشک محاسبه شد. نتایج نشان ­داد بیشترین تأثیر بیوچار و ماده خشک برگ­ خرما در عملکرد ماده­ خشک ­اندام ­هوایی در تیمار­ B5، عملکرد تر در تیمار D2، ماده خشک ­ریشه در تیمار D1، بیشترین حجم ­ریشه و قطر ­ساقه در تیمار B5، قطر ­ساقه در تیمار B5 و بیشترین ارتفاع­ گیاه در تیمار B1 و B2 به دست آمد. همچنین بیشترین کارایی مصرف ­آب ­گیاه در تیمار B5 به دست آمد که نسبت به تیمار ­شاهد کارایی مصرف ­آب ­را 6/3 درصد افزایش ­داد. نتایج نشان ­داد که مصرف 5/4 درصد وزنی بیوچار سبب بهبود­ عملکرد و کارایی ­مصرف ­آب اندام هوایی گیاه شد و از بیوچار می­توان با درنظرگرفتن مقدار بهینة مصرف آن در افزایش عملکرد و کارایی ­مصرف ­آب در ذرت علوفه­ای استفاده کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation the Effects of Date Palm Leaves and It’s Biochar on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Forage Corn

نویسندگان [English]

  • Pariya Nasimi 1
  • Ahmad Karimi 2
  • Zahra Gerami 3
1 Msc. Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Shahrekord, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor of Soil Science and Engineeringm, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrkord University
3 PhD Candidate in Soil Resource Management, Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Iran
چکیده [English]

Biochar plays an important role in the optimal use of water in agriculture and improving plant yield and water use efficiency. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of palm leaf and it’s biochar on yield, yield components and water use efficiency of forage corn in a sandy clay loam soil under the same conditions. Experiment with a completely randomized design with two types of modifiers of palm leaf and it’s biochar at six levels (control, 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 4.5% by weight of date leaf treatments C0, D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, respectively and treatments C0, B1, B2, B3, B4, B5) were performed in three replications as a greenhouse experiment. Characteristics of height, stem diameter, wet and dry weight of shoots, root weight and volume were measured. Water use efficiency base on dry matter yield were calculated. The results showed that the effects of date palm leaves and biochar on the yield and its components, water use efficiency based on the dry matter yield of shoots and roots are significant at the level of 1%. The most effect of biochar and date palm leaf dry matter on shoot dry matter yield has observed in B5, wet plant yield in D2, root dry matter in D1, root volume and stem diameter in B5 and maximum plant height in B1 and B2. Also, the highest water use efficiency of plant is related to B5, which has increased the water use efficiency by 3.6% as compared to the control. It was while D1 improved root water use efficiency. The results showed that use of 4.5% by weight of biochar improved the yield and water use efficiency of the shoot and biochar can be used by increasing the amount of yield and water use efficiency in forage corn by considering its optimal amount.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biochar
  • Consuming water
  • Forage corn
  • Water consumption efficiency
  • Yield
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