بررسی کشت نشایی و خشکه‌کاری برنج از نظر عملکرد و پارامترهای عملکرد تحت سیستم‌های مختلف آبیاری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 آبیاری و زهکشی، دانشکده آب و خاک، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، ایران.

2 گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده آب و خاک، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، ایران

3 مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج، گرگان، ایران.

4 مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان، ایران.

5 مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش، گرگان، ایران

چکیده

برنج یکی از مهم‌ترین محصولات زراعی در سراسر جهان است و بعد از گندم جایگاه دوم را از نظر تولید سالانه به خود اختصاص داده است. باتوجه‌به اهمیت مقدار عملکرد در واحد سطح در بخش کشاورزی، این پژوهش با هدف تاثیر کشت مستقیم و نشایی بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد برنج تحت سیستم­های مختلف آبیاری بر پایه طرح اسپلیت پلات طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی استان گلستان، طی سال­های 1398 و 1399 انجام شد. باتوجه‌به نتایج، از نظر آبیاری و روش کاشت برای تمام صفات مورد مطالعه اختلاف معنی­داری وجود داشت. نتایج مقایسه میانگین روش کشت نشان داد که بیشترین و کمترین عملکرد دانه برای تیمارهای کشت نشاگل­خراب و خشکه­بذری به­دست آمد که به­ترتیب برابر 7506 و 4284 کیلوگرم در هکتار بود. همچنین باتوجه‌به نتایج مقایسه میانگین روش آبیاری، بیشترین عملکرد دانه برابر 6899 کیلوگرم در هکتار بود که برای سیستم آبیاری غرقاب دائم به­دست آمد و اختلاف معنی‏داری با سایر تیمارها در سطح احتمال پنج درصد آزمون LSD داشت. عملکرد دانه با صفات شاخص برداشت، ارتفاع بوته، تعداد پنجه بارور، طول خوشه و تعداد دانه پر در خوشه همبستگی مثبت و معنی­داری به­ترتیب برابر 89/0، 87/0، 75/0، 53/0 و 73/0 داشت و با صفت تعداد دانه پوک در خوشه همبستگی منفی و معنی­داری برابر 81/0 داشت. باتوجه‌به نتایج، سیستم آبیاری بارانی کمترین مقادیر را از نظر تعداد دانه پر در خوشه، تعداد پنجه بارور، طول خوشه و در نتیجه مقدار عملکرد دانه نسبت به تیمارهای آبیاری دیگر داشت. همچنین روش­های کشت نشایی از نظر عملکرد و پارامترهای عملکرد بهتر از روش کشت خشکه­بذری عمل کردند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of Transplanting and Direct Cultivation of Rice in terms of Yield and Yield Parameters under Different Irrigation Systems

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyede Tayyebeh Hosseini 1
  • Hossein Sharifan 2
  • Alireza Kiani 3
  • Mohammad taghi Feyzbakhsh 4
  • Noormohammad Abyar 5
1 Irrigation and Drainage, Department of Water and Soil,Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
2 Department of water Engineering, Department of Water and Soil,Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
3 Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and education Center, AREEO, Gorgan, Iran.
4 Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, AREEO, Gorgan, Iran.
5 Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Gorgan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Rice is one of the most important crops in the world and after wheat has the second place in terms of annual production. Considering the importance of yield per unit area in agriculture, this study aimed to investigate the effect of direct cultivation and transplanting on yield and yield components of rice under different irrigation systems as split plot based on randomized complete block design at the Agricultural Research Station of Golestan province in 2019 and 2020. According to the results, there was a significant difference in terms of irrigation and planting method for all studied traits. The results of mean comparison of cultivation method showed that the highest and lowest amount of grain yield were obtained for the treatments of puddled transplanted and direct seeding, which were equal to 7506 and 4284 kg/ha, respectively. Also, according to the results of mean comparison of irrigation method, the highest grain yield was 6899 kg/ha, which was obtained for the permanent flood irrigation system, and there was a significant difference with other treatments in the level of 5% probability of LSD test. Grain yield had a positive and significant correlation with harvest index, plant height, number of fertile tillers, panicle length and number of full grains per panicle equal to 0.89, 0.87, 0.75, 0.53 and 0.73, respectively and had a negative and significant correlation with the number of empty grains per panicle equal to 0.81. According to the results, sprinkler irrigation system had the lowest values in terms of number of full grains per panicle, number of fertile tillers, panicle length and consequently grain yield compared to other irrigation treatments. Also, transplanting cultivation methods performed better than direct seeding cultivation method in terms of yield and yield components.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Irrigation
  • Fertile tillers
  • Harvest index
  • Unpuddled transplanted cultivation
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