بررسی و ردیابی پولوم آلودگی ناشی از حوضچه شیرابه در مدفن زباله همدان با استفاده از توموگرافی مقاومت ویژه الکتریکی و سونداژ الکتریکی قائم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زمین شناسی، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهید چمران، اهواز، ایران

2 گروه مهندسی آبیاری و آبادانی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

3 سازمان مدیریت پسماند شهرداری همدان، همدان، ایران

4 مرکز تحقیقات زیست محیطی زنده رود، اصفهان، ایران

5 گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد همدان، همدان، ایران

چکیده

محل دفن زباله اصطلاحاً  مدفن زباله یا پسماند نامیده می­شود که یکی از روش­های دفع استاندارد زباله محسوب می­گردد. تجمع شیرابه در مدفن زباله می­تواند از طریق نفوذ در آبخوان بر منابع آب­های زیرزمینی پایین­دست تاثیرات منفی بگذارد. در این مطالعه سعی گردید با استفاده از فناوری مقاومت ویژه الکتریکی با دو روش سونداژ الکتریکی قائم و توموگرافی مقاومت ویژه الکتریکی به ترتیب پتانسیل نفوذ شیرابه و پولوم آلودگی ناشی از حوضچه شیرابه در داخل و بیرون مدفن زباله مورد بررسی قرار گیرد. به این منظور، در فاصله 60 و 580 متری از حوضچه شیرابه اقدام به برداشت داده­های سونداژ الکتریکی قائم با طول فرستنده 200 متر و توموگرافی مقاومت ویژه الکتریکی به طول 120 متر و فواصل الکترودی 2 متری گردید. بررسی داده­های ژئوتکنیکی و سونداژ الکتریکی قائم منطقه مورد مطالعه نشان­دهنده وجود لایه نفوذناپذیر با تناوبی از لایه­های رُسی-مادستونی و آهکی-مارنی است که در اعماق حدود 15-10 متری درصد رُس بیشتر می­شود. بررسی داده­های توموگرافی مقاومت ویژه الکتریکی در پروفیل شماره 1 نشان می­دهد در فاصله 32 تا 76 متری از ابتدای پروفیل منطقه­ای با مقاومت الکتریکی پایین تا عمق حدود 9 متری وجود دارد که نشان­دهنده ناحیه نفوذ شیرابه است ولی در بخش­های دیگر پروفیل نفوذ عمقی شیرابه به دلیل لایه نفوذناپذیر مادستونی و سیلت­استونی دیده نمی­شود. این در حالی است که در پروفیل شماره 2 وجود لایه نفوذناپذیر مانع از انتقال شیرابه به پایین­دست و اعماق پایین­تر شده است که این امر نشان­دهنده انتخاب مناسب محل دفن پسماند است. بنابراین برخلاف آنچه که در برداشت­های تک­بعدی دیده می­شود منطقه مورد مطالعه در حالت دوبُعدی از نظر نفوذپذیری به شیرابه همگن نیست ولی وجود لایه نفوذناپذیر مانع از انتقال عمقی شیرابه به آبخوان شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation and Detection of Leachate Pool Plume from Landfill Pond in Hamedan Landfill Using Electrical Resistivity Tomography and Vertical Electrical Sounding

نویسندگان [English]

  • Yavar Karimi 1
  • Jalil Helali 2
  • Babak MahdiAzad 3
  • Aghdas Khodakarami 3
  • Mojgan Mirzaei 4
  • Seyedeh Maryam Mohammadi 5
1 Department of Geology, Faculty of Geology Sciences, Shahid Chamran University, Ahwaz, Iran
2 Department of Irrigation and Reclamation Engineering Department, Faculty of College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
3 Waste Management Organization of Hamedan Municipality, Hamedan, Iran
4 Zendehrood Environmental Research Center, Esfahan, Iran
5 Department of Environment, College of Basic Science, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan Branch, Hamedan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Areas where waste is buried based on engineering design, which is one of the waste disposal methods. Leachate accumulation in landfills can adversely affect downstream groundwater resources by infiltrating the aquifer. In this study, we tried to investigate the potential of leachate penetration and the plume contamination caused by leachate pools inside and outside the landfill, respectively, using two methods of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and vertical electric sounding (VES). For this purpose, at a distance of 60 and 580 meters from the leachate basin, VES data were collected with a transmitter length of 200 meters and ERT with a length of 120 meters and electrode distances of 2 meters. Examination of geotechnical and VES data in the study area shows an impermeable layer with an alternation of clay-madstone and calcareous-marl layers at a depth of about 10-15 meters the percentage of the clay were increased. The ERT data in profile number 1 shows that at a distance of 32-76 meters from the beginning of the profile at deptt of 9 meters there are areas with low electrical resistivity, which indicates the area of leachate penetration, but in the other section of profile leachate deep penetration are not visible due to the Madstone and Siltstone impermeable layers. However, in the ERT data in profile number 2, the presence of an impermeable layer prevents the infiltration of leachate to the downstream and lower depths, which indicates the proper selection of the landfill. Therefore, contrary to what can be seen in the VES data, the study area is not homogeneous in terms of permeability to leachate in the two dimensions of ERT, but the presence of an impermeable layer prevents the deep transfer and infiltration of leachate to the aquifer.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Landfill
  • Electrical Resistivity Tomography
  • Vertical Electrical Sounding
  • Leachate
Abdullahi, N.K., Osazuwa, I.B. and Onugba, A., 2010. Detecting municipal solid waste leachate plumes through electrical resistivity survey and physic-chemical analysis of groundwater samples, J. Am. Sci., 6, 540-548.
ANZECC, 1994. National Hazardous Waste Classification System, Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council, Canberra.
Arora, T., Linde, N., Revil, A. and Castermant, J., 2007. Non-intrusive characterization of the redox potential of landfill leachate plumes from self-potential data, J Contam Hydrol, 92 (3-4):274-292. DOI:10.1016/j.jconhyd.2007.01.018
Beheshtian Ardakani, M. and Ebadi, T., 2016. Landfill leaching contaminated groundwater remediation by permeable reactive barrier, Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 69, 83-94.
Belghazal, H., Piga, C., Loddo, F., Stitou El Messari, J. and Ouazani Touhami, A., 2013. Geophysical Surveys for the Characterization of Landfills, International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, 4 (2), 254-263.
Ben Salem, Z., Capelli, N., Grisey, E., Baurand, P.E., Ayadi, H. and Aleya, L., 2014. First evidence of fish genotoxicity induced by heavy metals from landfill leachates: the advantage of using the RAPD-PCR technique, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 101, 90-96.
Bernard, C., Persoone, G., Janssen, R.C. and Le Dû-Delepierre, A., 1997. Estimation of the hazard of landfills through toxicity testing of leachates-2. Comparison of physico-chemical characteristics of landfill leachates with their toxicity determined with a battery of tests, Chemosphere, 35, 2783-2796.
Bichet, V., Grisey, E. and Lotfi, A., 2016. Spatial characterization of leachate plume using electrical resistivity tomography in a landfill composed of old and new cells (Belfort, France), Engineering Geology, 211, 61-73. DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2016.06.026
Delaney, A.J., Paige R. Peapples, Steven A. Arcone, 2001. Electrical resistivity of frozen and petroleum-contaminated fine-grained soil, Cold Regions Science and Technology, 32, 107-119.
Department of Environment of Iran, 2020. Instructions for monitoring the groundwater pollution of landfills, Department of Environment Organization, 13 pp.
Frid, V., Liskevich, G., Doudkinski, D. and Korostishevsky, N., 2008. Evaluation of landfill disposal boundary by means of electrical resistivity imaging. Environ. Geol., 53, 1503-1508.
Gajski, G., Orescanin, V. and Garaj-Vrhovac, V., 2012. Chemical composition and genotoxicity assessment of sanitary landfill leachate from Rovinj, Croatia, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 78, 253-259.
Ganiyu, S. A., Badmus, B. S., Oladunjoye, M. A., Aizebeokhai, A. P. and Olurin, O. T., 2015. Delineation of leachate plume migration using electrical resistivity imaging on Lapite Dumpsite in Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria. Geosciences , 5(2), 70-80. DOI:10.5923/j.geo.20150502.03,pp70-80
Genelle, F., Sirieix, C., Riss, J., Naudet, V., Dabas, M. and Bégassat, P., 2014. Detection of landfill cover damage using geophysical methods, Near Surf Geophys, 12 (2036), 599-611. DOI: 10.3997/1873- 0604.2014018
Grellier, S., Guerin, R., Robain, H., Bobachev, A., Vermeersch, F. and Tabbagh, A., 2008. Monitoring of leachate recirculation in a bioreactor landfill by 2-D electrical resistivity imaging, J Environ Eng Geophys, 13(4), 351-359. DOI:10.2113/JEEG13.4.351
Hafizi, M.K., Abbasi, B. and Ashtari Talkhestani, A., 2010. Safety assessment of landslides by electrical tomography: A case study from Ardabil, Northwestern Iran, Journal of Earth and Space Physics, 36 (1):17-28.
Halim, C.E., Amal, R., Beydoun, D., Scott, J.A. and Low, G., 2005. Evaluating the applicability of regulatory leaching tests for assessing the hazards of Pb-contaminated soils, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 120, 101-111.
Jamshidi, A., Tajamiri, A. and Mirbagheri, S.A., 2014. Investigation of Yasuj landfill leachate and its impacts on lawer water resource quality (No. 6 Tangkonareh well), Armaghan Danesh, 87, 347-360.
Karimi, Y., 2011. 3D investigation of contaminated Plume in unsaturated zone using geoelectric method, MSc thesis in Hydrogeology, Kharazmi University, 150 pp.
Kazemi, A.,Younesi, H. Bahramifar, N., 2012. Determination the leachate pollution potential in landfills of Talesh, Roudsar and Ferydounkenar cities using of leachate pollution index (LPI), Quarterly new technologies in Aquaculture development (Journal of Fisheries), 24, 43-50.
Kearey, P., Brooks, M. and Hill, I., 2002. An Introduction to Geophysical Prospecting 3rd edn, 262, Blackwell Science Limited.
Loke, M.H., 1997. Rapid 2D resistivity inversion using the least-squares method, RES2DINV Program manual, Penang, Malaysia.
Loke, M.H., 2006. RES2DINV ver. 3.55, Rapid 2D resistivity and IP inversion using the least-squares method. Software Manual: 139pp.
Matejczyk, M., Plaza, G., NaŁecz-Jawecki, G., Ulfig, K. and Markowska-Szczupak, A., 2011. Estimation of the environmental risk posed by landfills using chemical, microbiological and ecotoxicological testing of leachates, Chemosphere, 82, 1017-1023.
Moradzadeh, A., Zare, M. and Doulati Ardejani, F., 2012. Recognition of the pollution zone related to acid mine drainage using three-dimensional modeling of geoelectrical data at Alborz-e- Sharghi coal washing plant area, Semnan Province, Iran, Iranian Journal of Geophysics, 6 (2):95-111.
Nakhaei, M., Nassery, H. and Amiri, V., 2012. Contaminant Transport Modeling due to Leachate Leaking of Rasht waste disposal site, Journal of Advanced Applied Geology, 3, 69-82.
Naseri, H.R., Alijani, F. and Mirzaei S.Y., 2008. Geoelectrical tomography of karst in Asmari anticline (Southeast of Masjed Soleiman), Shahid Chamran University Journal of Science, 19, 100-110.
Naudet, V., 2003. Relationship between self-potential (SP) signals and redox conditions in contaminated groundwater, Geophys Res Lett., 30 (21), 1-4.DOI:10.1029/2003GL018096
Omolayo, D. and Tope, F. J., 2014. 2D electrical imaging surveys for leachate plume migration at an old dump site in Ibadan south western Nigeria: A case study. Int. J. Geophys. Article ID 879530. DOI:10.1155/2014/879530
Radulescu, M., Valerian, C. and Yang, J., 2007. Time-lapse electrical resistivity anomalies due to contaminant transport around landfills, Ann. Geophys., 50, 453-468.
 Rahmani Jevinani, M., Kazemi, R. and Emam Jomeh, S. R., 2016. The two-dimentional electrical tomography, suitable method for recognizing geological characteristics of flood spreading areas, case study: Herat-Yazd station, Journal of Watershed Engineering and Management, 8 (1):1-12.
Sainato, C.M., Beatriz, N. Losinno, Horacio J. Malleville, 2012. Assessment of contamination by intensive cattle activity through electrical resistivity tomography, Journal of Applied Geophysics, 76, 82-91.
Schmidt-Hattenberger, C., P. Bergmann, T. Labitzke, F. Wagner, 2014. CO2 migration monitoring by means of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) -Review on five years of operation of a permanent ERT system at the Ketzin pilot site, Energy Procedia, 63, 4366-4373.
Sharifi, F., Rahmani Jevinani, M. and Davoodi, H., 2018. Introducing and applying a two-dimensional electrical tomography method in detection of water movement and evaluating the effects of watershed management measures, case study: Vardij Catchment, Journal of Watershed Engineering and Management, 9, 465-478.
Slater, L., A. Binley, R. Versteeg, G. Cassiani, R. Birken, S. Sandberg, 2002, A 3D ERT study of solute transport in a large experimental tank, Journal of Applied Geophysics, 49, 211-229.
Tchobanoglous, G. and Kreith, F., 2002. Solid Waste Handbook, 2nd edn. McGraw-Hill, New York
Ugbor, C. C., Ikwuagwu, I. E. and Ogboke, O. J., 2021. 2D inversion of electrical resistivity investigation of contaminant plume around a dumpsite near Onitsha expressway in southeastern Nigeria, Nature Scientifc Reports, 11, 11854. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91019-3
United Kingdom Department of the Environment, 1991. Landfill gas waste management paper No. 27, London, Crown.
Vargemezis, G., Tsourlos, P., Giannopoulos, A. and Trilyrakis, P., 2015. 3D electrical resistivity tomography technique for the investigation of a construction and demolition waste landfill site, Stud Geophys Geod, 59(3), 461-476. DOI: 10.1007/s11200-014-0146-5
Weber, R., Watson, A., Forter, M. and Oliaei, F., 2011. Persistent organic pollutants and landfills: a review of past experiences and future challenges, Waste Manag. Res., 29, 107-121.
Wijesekara, H. R., De Silva, S. N., De Silva Wijesundara, D. T., Basnayake, B. F. A. and Vithanage, M. S., 2014. Leachate plume delineation and lithologic profling using surface resistivity in an open municipal solid waste dumpsite, Sri Lanka. Environ. Technol., 36(23):2936-2943. DOI:10.1080/09593330.2014.963697
Wilkinson, P.B., Meldrum, P.I., Kuras, O., Chambers, J.E., Holyoake, S.J. and Ogilvy, R.D., 2010. High-resolution electrical resistivity tomography monitoring of a tracer test in a confined aquifer, J. Appl. Geophys., DOI:10.1016/j.jappgeo.2009.08.001.
Yazdani, V. and Mansourian, H., 2020. The assessment vulnerability of Qazvin-plain aquifer, sensitivity analysis removing parameters by using GIS, Journal of Irrigation and Water Engineering, 38,127-145. DOI: 10.22125/IWE.2019.100746