تأثیر کود نیتروژنه و مرغی بر عملکرد و باقیمانده نیترات در محصول پیاز کشت پاییزه در منطقه جیرفت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیات علمی بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی جنوب استان کرمان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی،

2 عضو هیات علمی، بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی جنوب استان کرمان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج

3 کارشناس بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی جنوب استان کرمان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی،

چکیده

پژوهش حاضر با هدف ارزیابی کاربرد تلفیقی کود مرغی و اوره در تولید پیاز در قالب طرح پایه بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار و طی سال­های 1397 و 1398 اجرا شد. تیمارهای پژوهش عبارت بودند از: 1-شاهد (عرف منطقه، 276kg/ha N) 2-حد بهینه توصیه شده نیتروژن برای محصول منطقه(184kg/ha N)+مصرف بهینه سایر عناصر غذایی 3-مصرف نیتروژن 25% بیشتر از حد بهینه+مصرف بهینه سایر عناصر غذایی، 4-مصرف نیتروژن 25% درصد کمتر از حد بهینه+پنج تن کود مرغی در هکتار+مصرف بهینه سایر عناصر غذایی و 5-مصرف نیتروژن 25% کمتر از حد بهینه+ده تن کود مرغی در هکتار+مصرف بهینه سایر عناصر غذایی. نتایج نشان داد که اثرات تیمارهای کود بر عملکرد، غلظت سایر عناصر و یاقیمانده نیترات در سوخ و برگ پیاز در سطح احتمال یک درصد معنی­دار بود. تیمار شاهد دارای کمترین عملکرد (3/43 تن در هکتار) و بیشترین باقیمانده نیترات در سوخ و برگ (به ترتیب3/184 و 2/571 میلی­گرم در کیلوگرم ماده خشک) و کمترین غلظت پتاسیم، آهن، روی و منگنز بود. همچنین تیمار پنج بیشترین عملکرد (1/25 درصد افزایش نسبت به شاهد) را نشان داد و اختلاف معنی­داری در عملکرد در دو تیمار چهار و پنج مشاهده نشد. کمترین میزان نیترات سوخ در تیمار چهار بود که نسبت به تیمارهای یک، دو، سه و پنج به ترتیب 9/69، 7/21، 3/43 و 4/3 درصد کمتر بود. از نظر اهمیت اقتصادی، کاربرد تیمار چهار ضمن کاهش 50 درصدی مصرف کود اوره و در نتیجه کاهش نیترات سوخ به کمتر از حد بحرانی و افزایش 18 درصدی محصول، درآمدی حدود 11 درصد بیشتر نسبت به تیمار شاهد (عرف منطقه) را موجب ­گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Nitrogen fertilizer and Poultry Manure on Yield and Nitrate Residuals in Autumn Onion Crop in Jiroft Region

نویسندگان [English]

  • Javad Sarhadi 1
  • saber heidari 2
  • Mehri Sharif 3
1 Faculty Members of Soil and Water Research Department, South Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Jiroft, Iran
2 Faculty Members of Soil and Water Research Department, South Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Jiroft, Iran.
3 Master of Science, Soil and Water Research Department, South Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Jiroft, Iran
چکیده [English]

This study was conducted to evaluate the application of poultry manure and urea fertilizer in onion in the randomized complete block design with three replications during 2018 and 2019. The treatments were:1-Control (276 kg/haN), 2-Recommended optimal nitrogen limit for the region crop (184 kg/haN)+Optimal consumption of other nutrients, 3- nitrogen consumption 25% more than the optimal limit+Optimal consumption of other nutrients, 4-Consumption of nitrogen 25% less than the optimal limit+five t/ha of poultry manure+optimal consumption of other nutrients and 5-Consumption of nitrogen 25% less than the optimal limit+tent/ha of poultry manure+Optimal consumption of other nutrients. The results showed that the effects of treatments on yield, the concentration of other elements, and nitrate residuals in onion bulbs and leaves were significant at the level of 1% probability. The control had the lowest yield (43.3t/ha) and the highest nitrate residuals (184.3 and 571.2mg/kg, respectively) and the lowest concentrations of potassium, iron, zinc, and manganese in bulbs and leaves. Also, treatment five showed the highest yield (25.1% increase compared to the control), and no significant difference in yield was observed between treatments four and five. The lowest nitrate residuals in bulbs were in treatment four, which was 69.9%, 21.7, 43.3, and 3.4% less than treatments one, two, three, and five, respectively. The application of treatment four, while reducing the consumption of urea fertilizer by 50% and as a result of reducing nitrate in bulbs to less than the critical level and increasing the yield by 18%, resulting in about 11% more revenue than the control.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Urea
  • Onion
  • Nitrate
  • Onion bulbs and leaves
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