بررسی اثرات تجهیز و نوسازی اراضی شالیزاری بر برخی ویژگی های فیزیکی خاک‌ در منطقه لشت نشاء

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه خاکشناسى، دانشکده کشاورزى، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت

3 گروه خاکشناسی - دانشگاه گیلان- استادیار

4 گروه مکانیزاسیون کشاورزی ، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

چکیده

طرح تجهیز و نوسازی اراضی، یک راهکار حفاظتی جهت ایجاد شیب یکنواخت جهت یکپارچه­سازی، تسهیل آبیاری و زهکشی اراضی شالیزاری است. علی­رغم اثرات مثبت این طرح موجب تخریب ویژگی­های فیزیکی خاک می­­شود. هدف این پژوهش بررسی اثرات تجهیز و نوسازی اراضی بر ویژگی­های فیزیکی خاک می­باشد، این کار با مقایسه اراضی سنتی و تجهیز شده، دو منطقه بالاگفشه و لیموچاه در منطقه لشت نشاء  استان گیلان که به ترتیب دو و پنج سال است که از زمان تجهیز و نوسازی آن گذشته است انجام شد. تعداد 20 نمونه به روش شبکه­ای به ابعاد 20×20 متر از عمق 20-0 سانتی­متر از هر زمین و در مجموع 80 نمونه برداشته شد. درصد شن، سیلت و رس، جرم مخصوص ظاهری، میانگین وزنی قطر خاکدانه­ها، رطوبت اشباع خاک، مقاومت فروروی و کربن آلی اندازه گیری شد. مقایسه میانگین با استفاده از آزمون t نمونه­های مستقل و نرم افزار SPSS انجام شد. نتایج مقایسه میانگین بیانگر افزایش معنی دار درصد رس، جرم مخصوص ظاهری، مقاومت فروروی در اراضی تجهیز شده لیموچاه بود، لیکن در منطقه بالاگفشه نتایج عکس آن مشاهده شد. به طورکلی نتایج بیانگر آن بود که تغییرات ناشی از تجهیز و نوسازی اراضی مانند تغییر توزیع اندازه ذرات، تخریب ساختمان و تراکم خاک بدون اعمال مدیریت مناسب پس از اجرای طرح و تنها با تکیه بر نقش عامل زمان به برگشت­پذیری ویژگی­های خاک تعدیل نمی­گردد. اعمال مدیریت مناسب مانند کشت گیاهان پوششی و بازگرداندن آن به خاک مانند منطقه بالاگفشه می­تواند موجب بهره­برداری از منافع طرح یکپارچه­سازی اراضی شود و اثرات مخرب حاصل از آن را هم کنترل کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the Effects of Land Leveling on Some Physical Properties of Soil in Lasht-e Nasha Region

نویسندگان [English]

  • Masoomeh Izadpanah 1
  • Mahmoud Shabanpour 2
  • Sepideh Abrishamkesh 3
  • Iraj Bagheri 4
1 Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Guilan
2 Department of Soil Science, University of Guilan
3 Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Guilan
4 Department of Agricultur Mechanization Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Guilan
چکیده [English]

Land leveling is a conservation solution to create a uniform slope to integrate, facilitate irrigation and drainage of paddy lands. Despite the positive effects of land leveling, it destroys the physical properties of the soil. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of land leveling on the physical characteristics of the soil. This work compares traditional and leveled lands, Balagafsheh and Limuchah areas, which have been leveled for two and five years, respectively. A total of 80 samples were taken, 20 soil samples from each traditional and land leveled plot in the two areas at depth of 0-20 cm by a grid method with dimensions of 20 by 20 meters.  Mean comparison was performed using an independent t-test and SPSS software. The results of comparing the mean showed a significant increase in the percentage of clay, bulk density, penetration resistance in the leveled lands of Limuchah, but in Balagafsheh area, the opposite results were observed. In general, the results indicated changes due to land leveling, such as changes in particle size distribution, structure destruction, and soil compaction without proper management after the implementation of the project, and the reversibility of soil properties is not adjusted solely by relying on the role of the time factor.. Proper management practices such as growing cover crops and returning them to the soil, such as the Balagafsheh area, can exploit the benefits of the land consolidation plan and control the destructive effects of it.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • soil structure
  • excavation
  • rice cultivation
  • land integration
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