بررسی تاثیر تدقیق برآورد میزان تقاضای آب کشاورزی در عملکرد سیستم توزیع آب در شبکه‌های آبیاری (مطالعه موردی شبکه آبیاری رودشت اصفهان)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی آبیاری، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران، پاکدشت، ایران

2 گروه مهندسی آبیاری و آبادانی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

چکیده

عملکرد ضعیف بهره­برداری شبکه­های آبیاری منجر به توزیع غیرمطمئن آب سطحی بین کشاورزان شده است. لذا اصلاح و بهبود نحوه توزیع آب در شبکه آبیاری امری ضروری است. برای انجام این مهم دو راهکار عملی ارتقاء شیوه بهره‌برداری و برآورد دقیق میزان تقاضای آب کشاورزی وجود دارد که در مورد هر یک به­صورت جداگانه تحقیقات زیادی صورت گرفته است. در این پژوهش برای اولین بار با توسعه و تلفیق دو مدل AquaCrop  و مدل هیدرودینامیک ICSS، اثر بهبود میزان دقت برآورد تقاضای آب در بهره­برداری روزانه از شبکه آبیاری رودشت، تحت سناریوی کم‌آبی در شرایط موجود بررسی شد. بدین منظور در ابتدا میزان تقاضای روزانه آب کشاورزی برای هر منطقه زراعی درجه دو و براساس الگوی کشت موجود در منطقه با استفاده از مدل AquaCrop برآورد گردید. پس از محاسبه میزان متوسط دبی تحویلی روزانه به هر آبگیر (خروجی مدل شبیه­ساز توزیع آب در کانال اصلی) مقدار شاخص ارزیابی عملکرد کفایت توزیع آب در دو حالت، 1) با در نظر گرفتن مقدار نیاز مشخص شده توسط مدیر شبکه (شرایط موجود) و 2) مقدار تدقیق شده تقاضا در محل آبگیر محاسبه گردید. بررسی مقادیر شاخص کفایت توزیع آب حاکی از آن است که تدقیق میزان تقاضای آب کشاورزی برای کلیه آبگیرها سبب بهبود مقدار این شاخص از 3% تا 16% شد. بهبود مذکور عمدتا در بالادست و میان دست کانال اصلی با کاهش میزان حقابه و در پایین دست با افزایش میزان حقابه و امکان دریافت آب بیشتر محقق شده است. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد با تدقیق میزان تقاضای آب کشاورزی، عدالت توزیع آب بین آب­بران نیز تا حدودی بهبود یافته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of the Effect of Adjustment of Estimation of Agricultural Water Demand on the Performance of Water Distribution System in Irrigation Districts (Case Study of Roodasht Irrigation District, Esfahan)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Habib Karimi Avargani 1
  • Mehdy Hashemy 1
  • Abdolmajid Liaghat 2
  • Seyyed Ebrahim Hashemi Garmdareh 1
1 Department of Irrigation Engineering, College of Aburaihan,University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Iran
2 Department of Irrigation and Reclamation Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The poor performance of irrigation districts led to the unreliable distribution of surface water among farmers. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the water distribution in the irrigation district. For this purpose, there are two practical solutions, improve operational method and adjustment of estimation of agricultural water demand, each of which has been researched separately. In this study, for the first time, the effect of improving the adjustment of estimation of water demand was investigated by developing and combining AquaCrop model and ICSS hydrodynamic model for Roodasht irrigation district under a water shortage scenario in the status quo. For this purpose, the daily agricultural water demand was estimated for each of the secondary irrigated units based on the cultivation pattern by using the AquaCrop model. After calculating the average daily flow rate to each off-take (the output of the water distribution simulator model in the main canal) the adequacy index was calculated for two conditions, 1) with considering the amount of requirements specified by the network administrator  (available condition) and 2) adjustment of water demand. The results showed that the performance evaluation indicator improved from 3% to 16% for all off-takes by adjustment of agricultural water demand. This improvement has been achieved by reducing the amount of water right in the upstream and middle of the main canal and increasing the amount of water right for downstream. Also, the equity of water distribution has improved among water users by adjustment of agricultural water demand.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Adequacy؛ AquaCrop Model؛ ICSS Hydrodynamic Model؛ Irrigation Canal
  • Operational Management
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