ارزیابی روش‌های پیشنهادی ایکاردا و انجمن علوم خاک امریکا برای تعیین بور قابل دسترس خاک

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت، آﻣﻮزش و ﺗﺮوﯾﺞ ﮐﺸﺎورزی، ﮐﺮج، اﯾﺮان

2 دانشجوی دکتری گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده مهندسی و فناوری کشاورزی دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

به‌دلیل فاصله کوتاه بین آستانه کمبود و سمیت بور در خاک‌ها برای بسیاری از گیاهان، ارزیابی دقیق وضعیت بور از طریق آزمون خاک برای استفاده صحیح از کود بور ضروری است. این پژوهش جهت مقایسه دو روش پیشنهادی ایکاردا و انجمن علوم خاک امریکا (SSSA) به‌عنوان رایج‌ترین روش‌های اندازه‌گیری بور قابل دسترس خاک انجام شد. تعداد 20 نمونه خاک سطحی با ویژگی‌های فیزیکی و شیمیایی مختلف انتخاب و غلظت بور قابل دسترس آن‌ها با ICP و روش‌های رنگ‌سنجی پیشنهادی ایکاردا و SSSA اندازه‌گیری شد. اثر کاربرد کربن فعال و حضور ذرات کلوئیدی معلق بر غلظت بور نیز بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد میانگین غلظت بور قابل دسترس در خاک‌ها برای روش‌های ایکاردا و SSSA با ICP به‌ترتیب 59/2 و 86/2 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم بود، درحالی‌که با آزومتین-اچ به‌ترتیب 43/2 و 69/2 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم بود. رابطه بین بور اندازه‌گیری‌شده با ICP و آزومتین-اچ در روش SSSA از همبستگی بالاتر (991/0 ) و تطابق بهتر با خط 1:1 نسبت به روش ایکاردا (978/0 ) برخوردار بود. میانگین بور استخراج‌شده با کلسیم کلراید 02/0 مولار داغ و آب داغ به‌ترتیب 86/2 و 84/2 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم بود. افزودن کربن سبب کاهش معنی‌دار بور محلول شد. میانگین بور استخراج‌شده از خاک‌ها با آب داغ همراه با افزودن کربن 59/2 و بدون آن 84/2 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم بود. با کاربرد 2/0، 4/0 و 6/0 گرم کربن در 40 میلی‌لیتر از محلول‌های با غلظت اولیه متفاوت بور میانگین بازیابی به‌ترتیب 9/104، 4/100 و 6/97 درصد بود. غلظت بور برای عصاره‌های عبوریافته از کاغذ واتمن 40 به‌دلیل حضور کلوئیدها بیشتر از عصاره‌های عبوریافته از واتمن 42 بود. بدون افزودن کربن خطای رنگ عصاره در دامنه صفر تا 88/0 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم متغیر بود. به‌طورکلی نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد اندازه‌گیری بور قابل دسترس خاک به روش SSSA از صحت بالاتری نسبت به روش ایکاردا برخوردار بوده و بنابراین این روش برای استفاده توصیه می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Methods Proposed by ICARDA and the Soil Science Society of America for Determination of Soil Available Boron

نویسندگان [English]

  • Karim Shahbazi 1
  • Arzhang Fathi Gerdelidani 2
1 Research Associate Professor, Soil and Water Research Institute, AREEO, Karaj, Iran
2 Ph.D Student, Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Because the range between boron (B) deficiency and toxicity thresholds in soils for many plants is very short, accurate evaluation of available soil B status by soil testing is necessary for proper use of B fertilizer. This study was conducted to compare ICARDA and Soil Science Society of America (SSSA) procedures as the most commonly used methods to determine available soil B. A total of 20 surface soils with different physical and chemical properties were selected and their available B concentration was measured by ICP method and the colorimetric procedures proposed by ICARDA and SSSA. The effect of activated carbon application and the presence of suspended colloids on B concentration was also investigated. Mean available B concentration in the soils for ICARDA and SSSA methods by ICP were 2.59 and 2.86 mg/kg, whereas those by azomethine-H were 2.43 and 2.69 mg/kg, respectively. The relationship between B measured by ICP and azomethine-H for SSSA indicated a higher correlation ( ) and a better fit to 1:1 line than ICARDA ( ). Mean B concentrations were 2.86 mg/kg using hot 0.02 M  and 2.84 mg/kg using hot water. The use of activated carbon decreased B in extracts significantly. The mean of available B extracted from the soils using hot water with carbon was 2.59 mg/kg, whereas it was 2.84 mg/kg without carbon. Use of 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 g carbon per 40 ml of B solutions with different initial concentrations yielded the mean B recovery of 104.9, 100.4 and 97.6%, respectively. Because of suspended colloids, B concentrations in extracts filtered through Whatman 40 filter-paper were higher than those filtered through Whatman 42. Without the use of carbon, predicted error in B determination due to color in extract ranged from 0 to 0.88 mg kg-1. Generally, the SSSA method measured available soil B more accurate than ICARDA and it is therefore recommended to use.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Available soil B
  • Azomethine-H
  • ICP
  • ICARDA
  • SSSA

مراجع

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تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران
دوره 51، شماره 11
بهمن 1399
صفحه 2827-2838

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