اثر شرایط رطوبتی خاک بر برخی صفات کمی و خوش‌خوراکی کاکتوس علوفه‌ای (Opuntia ficus indica L.) در منطقه دشت ذهاب

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه علوم و مهندسی محیط زیست دانشگاه اراک/ اراک/ایران

2 استادیار گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشگاه اراک، ایران

3 گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده آب و خاک دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

چکیده

گیاهان علوفه­ای از مهمترین گیاهان زراعی زیر کشت در جهان به­شمار می­آیند، زیرا این گیاهان علوفه میلیون­ها دام را در جهان تأمین می­نمایند که این دام­ها نیز به نوبه خود غذای میلیون­ها انسان هستند. به‌منظور ارزیابی تأثیر سطوح تنش خشکی بر برخی صفات زراعی و خوش‌خوراکی کاکتوس علوفه‌ای، آزمایشی در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دشت ذهاب در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی شامل؛ چهار تیمار تامین آب به میزان  56، 24، 15 درصد وزن خشک گیاه و شرایط دیم با سه تکرار  در دو سال 1396 و 1397 اجرا شد. نتایج نشان داد که اثر تنش خشکی در هر دو سال آزمایش بر میزان کاهش طول و عرض پد در تیمار تنش متوسط (به‌ترتیب 34/23 و 28/18 میلی‌‌متر) در مقایسه با تیمار آبیاری نرمال (به‌ترتیب  17/23 و 18/20 میلی‌‌متر) از نظر آماری معنی‌داری نشد. بیشترین علوفه‌تر در تیمار بدون تنش در هر دو سال آزمایش حاصل شد (به‌ترتیب 46/65 و 88/64 تن در هکتار) و این در حالی بود که در تیمار تنش متوسط نیز 04/60 تن علوفه‌تر در هکتار تولید شده بود. بیشترین وزن علوفه‌خشک نیز در تیمار بدون تنش در سال اول آزمایش حاصل شد، که با تیمار تنش متوسط اختلاف معنی‌داری نداشت. نسبت غلظت عناصر در پدهای جوان به پدهای یکساله و دوساله برای عناصر فسفر 4/23 و 43/33 درصد، برای پتاسیم 14/0 و 48/21 درصد، برای کلسیم 47/2 و 55/21 درصد و برای سدیم 01/66 درصد بود. نتایج نشان داد که کم‌آبیاری باعث افزایش تجمع عناصر و خوش‌خوراکی علوفه شد.بیاری باعث  آبی  همچنین، علوفه خشک و علوفه تر همبستگی مثبت و معنی‌داری با طول و عرض پد، و میزان خوشخوراکی نشان دادند. بنابراین، می­توان با اعمال تنش خشکی متوسط، به علوفه مشابه با تیمار آبیاری نرمال دست یافت. کاکتوس‌ علوفه‌ای با داشتن کارایی بالا در تبدیل آب به ماده خشک، علوفه قابل توجهی را تولید کرده و  به احیای پوشش‌های گیاهی سازگار با شرایط کم‌آبی کمک زیادی می­کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Soil Moisture Conditions on Some Quantity and Palatability Traits of Opuntia ficus indica L. in Dasht-e-Zahab

نویسندگان [English]

  • Saeed Sharafi 1
  • Mohamad Javad Nahvinia 2
  • Ehsan Mohamadi 3
1 Assistant professor, Department of environment sciences and engineering, Arak University, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Water Science and Engineering, Arak University, Arak, Iran
3 PhD student, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Water and Soil, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
چکیده [English]

Fodder plants are the most important crops in the world, because these plants provide fodder for millions of livestock in the world, which in turn feeds millions of people. In order to evaluate the effect of drought stress on some agronomic traits and forage palatability of cuctus, an experiment was carried out on the basis of a randomized complete block design consisted of four treatments; the supply of water based on 56, 24, 15 and zero percent of the plant dry matter (rain-fed farming condition) with three replications in Research farm of Dasht-e-Zahab (2017-2018). The results showed that there is not a significant difference between the drought stress (23.34 and 18.28, respectively) and normal irrigation (23.17 and 20.18, respectively) in terms of length and width of pad in moderate drought. The maximum fresh yield was obtained in years of 2017 (65.46 t.ha-1) and 2018 (64.88 t.ha-1) in the no-stress treatment. The fresh yield was 60.04 t.ha-1 in the moderate-stress treatment. Also, the maximum dry yield was obtained in the first year of no-stress treatment which did not have a significant difference with the moderate-stress treatment. The ratio of elements concentration in the young pads to the 1- and 2-year pads were respectively 33.43 and 23.4 percent for P, 0.14 and 21.48 percent for K, 2.47 and 21.55 percent for Ca and 66.01 for Na. The results showed that the deficit irrigation increased nutrition accumulation and forage palatability of the crop. Also, dry and wet forage showed a positive significant correlation with the length and width of pad and forage palatability. Therefore, it is possible to achieve similar forage with normal irrigation treatment by applying moderate drought stress. Cactus pear with its high efficiency in converting water to dry matter, produces significant forage and helps to revive vegetation in drought conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Forage Production
  • Moderate Stress
  • New Pads
  • Nutrition Materials
  • Water Requirement
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