تعیین روند تغییر دمای خاک در اقلیم‌های مختلف استان کرمانشاه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه جغرافیا، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران

2 استادیار آب‌و‌هواشناسی، گروه جغرافیا، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی،دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران

3 استادیار آب و هواشناسی، گروه جغرافیا، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران

چکیده

تعیین روند تغییر دمای خاک، به دلیل ارتباط تنگاتنگ با مدیریت پایدار کشاورزی از اهمیت ویژه‌ای برخوردار است. در این تحقیق، به منظور بررسی روند تغییر دمای خاک سه ایستگاه کنگاور، کرمانشاه و سرپل‌ذهاب که دارای اقلیم‌های مختلف هستند، سری داده‌های روزانه دمای خاک 25 ساله (1993 تا 2018) این ایستگاه‌ها، از سازمان هواشناسی کشور اخذ شد. با استفاده از میانگین‌های روزانه دمای خاک، میانگین‌های دوره گرم سال (بهار و تابستان)، دوره سرد سال (پاییز و زمستان) و سالانه بر اساس تقویم شمسی، تنظیم و محاسبه شدند. از دو آزمون من-کندال و تخمینگر شیب سِن، برای تحلیل روند دمای خاک در سطوح اطمینان 95% و 99%، استفاده شد. تحلیل سری داده‌های ایستگاه‌ سینوپتیک کنگاور، حاکی از وجود روند افزایشیِ معنی‌دار در دمای خاک توسط هر دو آزمون بود. در ایستگاه کرمانشاه، علیرغم صعودی بودن مقادیر دمای خاک در همه اعماق موردنظر، معنی‌داری در روند میانگین سالانه دمای خاک مشاهده نشد. ایستگاه سرپل‌ذهاب نیز هیچ‌گونه روندی را نشان نداد. در ایستگاه‌های کنگاور و کرمانشاه، روند افزایش دمای قسمت‌های سطحی خاک، مقدار بیشتری را نشان داد که به دلیل تأثیرپذیری بیشتر بین دمای سطح خاک و دمای هوا است. متوسط افزایش دمای عمق 5 سانتیمتری خاک برای ایستگاه کرمانشاه 04/0 درجه سلسیوس در سال و ایستگاه ‌کنگاور 1/0 درجه سلسیوس در سال برآورد شدند. افزایش میانگین سالانه دمای خاک ایستگاه‌های دارای روند افزایشی، عمدتاً ناشی از ذخیره‌سازی گرما، در دوره گرم سال تشخیص داده شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Determination of Soil Temperature Change Trend in Different Climates of Kermanshah Province

نویسندگان [English]

  • shahram Hemati 1
  • behrouz nasiri 2
  • mostafa Karampoor 3
1 PhD student, Geography department, literature and humanities sciences faculty, lorestan university, Khorramabad, IRAN
2 Assistant Professor of Climatology, Department of Geography, Literature and humanities faculty, Lorestan University, Khorramabad,Iran
3 Assistant Professor of Climatology, Department of Geography, Literature and humanities faculty, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
چکیده [English]

Determining the trend of soil temperature change is of special importance due to the close relationship with sustainable agricultural management. In this study, in order to investigate the trend of soil temperature change in three stations of Kangavar, Kermanshah and Sarpolzahab, which have different climates, a series of daily soil temperature data for 25 years (1993 to 2018) of these stations were obtained from the meteorological organization of the country. Using daily averages of soil temperature, the averages of warm period (spring and summer) and cold period of the year (autumn and winter) and the averages of annual were adjusted and calculated based on the solar calendar. Mann-Kendall and Sen’s slope estimator tests were used to analyze the soil temperature trend at 95 and 99% confidence levels. Analysis of Kangavar synoptic station data series showed a significant upward trend using the both tests for annual soil temperature averages. In Kermanshah station, despite the increase in soil temperature values ​​at all depths, no significant trend in the average annual soil temperature was observed. Sarpolzahab station also did not show any trend. In Kangavar and Kermanshah stations, the increasing trend in soil surface temperature showed a higher value, which is due to the greater influence between soil surface temperature and air temperature. The average of temperature increase in 5-cm soil depth for Kermanshah and Kangavar stations were estimated to be 0.04 and 0.10 degree of Celsius per year, respectively. The increase in the average annual soil temperature of stations with increasing trend was recognized in the warm period of the year, mainly due to heat storage.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Mann-Kendall
  • Sen’s slope
  • warm period
  • cold period
  • soil depths

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تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران
دوره 51، شماره 10
دی 1399
صفحه 2641-2650

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