بررسی گردوخاک در گستره ایران توسط مدل باز تحلیل MERRA-2 NASA/(دوره آماری 2017-2007)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه محیط‌زیست، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران

2 گروه شیمی جو و آلودگی هوا، پژوهشکده هواشناسی ،پژوهشگاه هواشناسی و علوم جوی، تهران، ایران

3 گروه آبشناسی، پژوهشکده هواشناسی ، پژوهشگاه هواشناسی و علوم جوی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

مناطق مختلف ایران تحت تأثیر گردوخاک‌های داخلی و یا فرامرزی هستند. با استفاده از داده‌های ماهواره می‌توان توزیع زمانی و مکانی و منشأ شکل‌گیری گردوخاک را بررسی نمود. هدف از مطالعه حاضر تحلیل غلظت گردوخاک سطحی، گردوخاک در ستون هوا و عمق نوری هواویزها با استفاده از مدل MERRA-2 و ماهواره آکوا در مناطق گردوخاک خیز ایران بود. داده در دوره 2007 تا 2017 تهیه و شکل‌ها توسط نرم‌افزار Grads و OriginPro ترسیم شد. یافته‌های تحقیق سه کانون گردوخاک فرامرزی در غرب، شرق و شمال شرق ایران و دو کانون داخلی در دشت کویر و جنوب شرق ایران را نشان داد. کانون‌های فرامرزی جنوب شرق عراق و کویت بیشترین غلظت گردوخاک سطحی را دارد. در آبادان بیشترین غلظت گردوخاک سطحی با 552 () در فصل تابستان، گردوخاک در ستون هوا 709 () و عمق نوری هواویزها MERRA-2 با 58/0 در فصل بهار به دست آمد. ضریب همبستگی بین گردوخاک سطحی و گردوخاک ستون هوا در کانون­های داخلی شامل طبس، کهنوج، خور بیابانک و نیک­شهر با 94/0، 93/0، 89/0، 89/0 به دست آمد که می‌تواند نشان‌دهنده اثر شرایط محلی در توسعه گردوخاک باشد. تغییر زمانی گردوخاک ستون هوا در سه ایستگاه بوشهر، آبادان و اهواز بیشترین روند کاهشی را با ضریب 035/0- و 034/0- نشان می‌دهد که نشان­دهنده کاهش اثر کانون­های فرامرزی گردوخاک است. در توزیع زمانی، سال‌های 2008 و 2012 با شدیدترین و فراگیرترین گردوخاک‌ها در گستره ایران تعیین شد. در توزیع ماهانه گردوخاک بیشینه  غلظت آن در ماه‌های آوریل و جولای 2008، مه 2012 و جولای 2016 در اهواز به دست آمد.
تغییر زمانی گردوخاک ستون هوا در سه ایستگاه بوشهر، آبادان و اهواز بیشترین روند کاهشی را با ضریب 035/0- و 034/0- ‏نشان می‌دهد که نشان دهنده کاهش اثر کانون ها فرامرزی گردوخاک است.‏
در توزیع زمانی، سال‌های 2008، 2012 با شدیدترین و فراگیرترین گردوخاک‌ها در گستره ایران تعیین شد. در توزیع ماهانه ‏گردوخاک بیشینه آن درماه‌های آوریل و جولای 2008، مه 2012 و جولای 2016 در اهواز به دست آمد.‏

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Dust Investigation by MERRA-2 Model in Iran: (during 2007- 2017)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Elham Mobarak Hassan 1
  • Abbas Saadatabadi 2
  • Ebrahim Fattahi 3
1 Department of Environment, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
2 Atmospheric Chemistry and Air Pollution Group, Meteorology Institute, Atmospheric Science and Meteorological Research Center ‎‎(ASMERC), Tehran, Iran
3 ‎: Hydrometeorology Group, Meteorology Institute, Atmospheric Science and Metrological Research Center (ASMERC), Tehran, ‎Iran
چکیده [English]

Different regions of Iran are affected by internal or external dust sources. Satellite data can be ‎used to examine the temporal and spatial distribution and detected the source of dust. The aim ‎of this study was to analyze the concentration of surface dust, dust in air column and aerosol ‎optical depth (AOD) using MERRA-2 model and Aqua satellite data in Iran. Data were prepared ‎between 2007 and 2017 and the figures were plotted by Grads and OriginPro software. The ‎research findings showed three cross-border dust source including western, eastern and ‎northeastern Iran and two internal area in the desert plain and southeastern Iran. The dust ‎source located in southeastern Iraq and Kuwait have the highest concentration of surface dust. ‎In Abadan, the highest concentration of surface dust with 552 (μg⁄m^3 ) in summer, dust in ‎air column 709 (mg⁄m^2 ) in spring and the AOD of MERRA-2 with 0.58 in the spring took ‎placed. The correlation coefficient between surface dust and air column dust was obtained in ‎internal area including Tabas, Kahnooj, Khor Biabank and Nikshahr with 0.94 and 0.93, 0.89 and ‎‎0.89, which can indicate the effect of local conditions on development. Time series of air ‎column dust in three stations of Bushehr, Abadan and Ahvaz shows the highest decreasing line ‎trend with -0.05 and -0.035, which shows the decrease in the effect of dust external dust ‎sources.In the monthly distribution, the years 2008 and 2012 were determined by the most ‎severe and widespread dust in Iran. The maximum dust values was obtained in April and July ‎‎2008, May 2012 and July 2016 in Ahvaz.‎

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Dust concentration
  • MERRA-2 Model
  • Aerosol Optical depth (AOD)
  • Aqua sattelite
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