فاصله بهینه نوار در آبیاری قطره‌ای نواری و بهرهوری آب گندم در بافت خاک لومی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مربی بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اصفهان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج

2 کارشناس ارشد بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اصفهان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اصفهان، ایران.

3 استادیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی-باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اصفهان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اصفهان، ایران

چکیده

در ارتباط با استفاده از روش آبیاری قطره‌ای نواری (Tape) برای زراعت گندم، ابهاماتی از جمله، بهرهوری آب، میزان فاصله مناسب نوارها از هم و چگونگی روند شور شدن خاک وجود دارد که از نظر اقتصاد کشاورزی و پایداری منابع خاک اهمیت دارند. در این راستا برای تعیین بهترین فاصله نوار در بافت خاک لومی از نظر عملکرد گندم و اجزای آن، بهرهوری آب و روند تغییرات شوری خاک، آزمایشی به صورت طرح بلو‌ک‌های کامل تصادفی با 4 تیمار (فاصله نوار 45 (A)، 60 (B) و 75 (C) سانتیمتر و تیمار شاهد، آبیاری کرتی (D)) در سه تکرار در قطعه زمین با بافت خاک لومی، طی سال‌های 1396 تا 1398در منطقه‌ی مهیار استان اصفهان اجرا شد. حجم آب آبیاری در هر دور آبیاری برای تیمارهای A، B و C یکسان بود و در تیمار D میزان حجم آب ورودی به کرت و توقف آبیاری در هر دور مشابه روش زارع بود. بر اساس نتایج تجزیه واریانس مرکب، اثر تیمارها بر عملکرد دانه و عملکرد بیولوژیکی در سطح یک درصد معنی‌دار و بر بهرهوری آب و شاخص برداشت معنی‌دار نشد. میانگین بهرهوری آب در تیمارهای A، B، C و D به ترتیب 72/0، 71/0، 66/0 و 64/0 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب بود. تیمار D بیشترین عملکرد را داشت و عملکرد بقیه‌ی تیمارها مشابه و در رتبه‌ی بعدی قرار گرفتند. طی دو سال انجام آزمایش مقادیر شوری خاک در تیمارهای تیپ به‌طور محسوسی افزایش یافته بود ولی تیمار آبیاری کرتی شوری خاک را افزایش نداده بود. با توجه به این که مقادیر صفات مورد بررسی در هر سه تیمار تیپ در گروه مشابه قرار گرفتند، لذا فاصله نوار 75 سانتی‌متر برای بافت خاک لومی توصیه می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Optimal Distance of DripTapes and Water Productivity of Wheat in LoamySoil Texture

نویسندگان [English]

  • Masoud Farzamnia 1
  • Mokhtar Miranzadeh 2
  • Davood Amin Azarm 3
1 Instructor - Agricultural Engineering Research Department - Isfahan Agricultural and Natural resources Research and Education center, (AREEO), Isfahan, Iran.
2 Master of science - Agricultural Engineering Research Department - Isfahan Agricultural and Natural resources Research and Education center, (AREEO), Isfahan, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor of Horticultural Crops Research Department, Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, (AREEO), Isfahan, Iran
چکیده [English]

For wheat crop irrigated with drip tapes, water productivity, optimum tape spacing and soil salinity are issues which are important in terms of agricultural economic and soil sources sustainability. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted on a loamy soil texture to study the effect of drip tape spacing on wheat yield and its components, water productivity and variations in the soil salinity. A randomized complete block design consisting of four treatments; three drip tape spacings (45, 60, and 75 cm; denoted by A, B, and C, respectively), and a basin-irrigated treatment (as the Control; represented by D) was carried out on a loamy soil for two years from 2017 to 2019 in Mahyar area of Isfahan Province. The treatments were replicated three times. The volume of applied water for treatments A, B, and C was identical in each irrigation event, whereas the amount of applied water for treatment D was similar to the farmer method. The result of composite variance analysis revealed that the treatments had a significant effect on grain and biological yield at 99% level of confidence, but they did not have any significant effect on water productivity and harvest index. The average water productivity for treatments A, B, C, and D were 0.72, 0.71, 0.66, and 0.64 kgm-3 respectively. The maximum yield was found for treatment D. During the two years of testing, the soil salinity in the tape treatments was significantly increased, but it did not change in the basin irrigation. Considering that the all three tape irrigation treatments were placed statisticaly in a common group, therefore the 75 cm-tape distance is recommended for loamy soil texture.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Wheat
  • drip tape irrigation
  • tape spacing
  • water use efficiency
  • soil salinity

مراجع

Asadi, H., Neyshaburi, M., and Siadat, H. (2001). Effect of water stress in different stages of growth on yield, yield components and some wheat relations. Proceedings of the 7th Iranian Soil Science Congress, Shahrekord. (In Farsi).
Anonymous (2019). An overview of the agriculture of Isfahan province (2018- 2019). The agricultural Jihad organization of Isfahan, public relation office, 1-24. (In Farsi).
Chaichi, M., Ghadami-Firouzabadi, A., Arjmandian, A., Ahmadi, R., Saidan, M., Hosseini, H., Shahabi, A., Shabanian, M., Saedi, H., Salimi, A., and Amirabadi, A.M. (2010). Evaluation of different wheat genotypes reaction under distinct irrigation methods in Hamedan region. Research Report No. 41461.Seed and Plant Improvement Institute. (In Farsi).
Chen, R., Cheng, W.H., Cui, J., Liao, J., Fan, H., and Zheng, Z. (2015). Lateral spacing in drip-irrigated wheat: the effects on soil moisture, yield, and water use efficiency. Field Crops Res. 179, 52–62.
Dehghanian, S.A., and Dastfal, M. (2009). Determination of Water Use Efficiency Potential of Wheat Cultivars in Different Irrigation Methods (Sprinkler, Drip and Surface) in Different Climatic Conditions of Iran. Research Report No. 88/1217. Agricultural Engineering Research Institute. (In Farsi).
Delavarpoor, A., Zakerinia, M., and Hesam, M. (2019). Effect of different intervals of tape drip irrigation on wheat yield and water use efficiency. Iranian Journal ofIrrigation and Drainage, 6 (12), 1563-1573. (In Farsi).
Ghadami-Firouzabadi, A., and Baghani, J. (2019). Effects of Different Wheat Planting Patterns in Drip Tape Irrigation on Yield and Water Productivity of Bread Wheat in Hamedan. Iranian Journal ofIrrigation and Drainage, 13(2), 28-539. (In Farsi).
Gao, Y., Yang, L.L., Shen, X.J., Li, X.Q., Sun, J.S., and Duan, A.W. (2014). Winter wheat with subsurface drip irrigation (SDI): crop coefficients, water-use estimates, and effects of SDI on grain yield and water use efficiency. Agric. Water Manag. 146, 1–10.
Heidari, N. (2012). Determination and evaluation of water use efficiency of some major crops under farmers management in Iran. Journal of Water and Irrigation Management, 1(2), 43-57. (In Farsi).
Hoffman G.J. (1980). Guidelines for reclamation of salt-affected soils. Proc. Inter-American Salinity and Water Management Technology Conference. Juarez, Mexico. 11–12 December 1980. pp. 49–64.
Kharrou, M.H., Salah, R., Ahmed, C., Benoit, D., Vincent, S., Michel, L., Lahcen, O., and Lionel, J. (2011). Water use efficiency and yield of winter wheat under different irrigation regimes in a semi-arid region. Agri. Sciences. Vol.2, No.3, 273-282.
Kohansal, M., and Saiedan, S.M. (2003). Economic analysis of sprinkler and drip Irrigation methods in wheat and comparison with furrow irrigation. The First Conference on Sustainable Agriculture Using Crop Mode. (In Farsi).
Nirizi, S., and Helmi-Fakhrdavood, R. (2004). Comparison of water use efficiency at several points in Khorasan. Articles of the Eleventh Iranian Irrigationane Drainage Committee. Tehran. 391-403. (In Farsi).
Rahimian, M.H. (2012). Determination of optimum latral space in drip irrigation of wheat. First National Conference on farm water management. (In Farsi).
Saleem, M., Wagas, A., and. Ahmad, R.N. (2010). Comparison of three wheat varieties with different irrigation systems for water productivity. Int. J. Agric. App. Sci. 2(1): 7-28.
Sanjay Singh, C., Awasthi, M.K., and Nema, R.K. (2014). Maximizing water productivity and yields of wheat based on drip Irrigation systems in clay loam Soil. International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology, 3(7): 533-535.
Sanjay Singh, C., Awasthi, M.K., Nema, R.K., and Koshta, L.D. (2015). Effect of dripper spacing on yield and water productivity of wheat under drip irrigation. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 16(3), 456–464.
Sanjay Singh, C., Manoj Kumar, A., and Rajendra Kumar, N. (2015). Studies on water productivity and yields responses of wheat based on drip irrigation systems in clay loam soil. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 8(7), 650–654, April 2015.
Shafiierad, S., Fooladvand, H.R., and Rahimi, E. (2011). Effect of space between emitters and irrigation strips on wheat yield in surface drip irrigation. Eleventh Seminar of Irrigation and reduce evaporation. (In Farsi).
Sivanappan, P.K. (1988). Economic of drip irrigation for various crops in India. Forth International Micro irrigation congress. October 23 -26. Abury. Wodonga, Australia.
Torknezhad, A., Aghaee-Sarbarzeh, M., Jafari, H., Shirvani, A., Roeentan, R., Nemati, A., and Shahbazi, K.H. (2006). Study and economic evaluation of drip (tape) irrigation method on wheat compared to surface irrigation in water limited areas. Journal of Research and Construction in Agriculture and Horticulture. 72: 36-44. (In Farsi).
Wang, J., Shihong, G., Di, X., Yingduo, Y., and Yuefen, Z. (2013). Impact of drip and level-basin irrigation on growth and yield of winter wheat in the North China Plain. National Center of Efficient Irrigation Engineering and Technology Research, China.
تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران
دوره 51، شماره 9
آذر 1399
صفحه 2163-2175

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار