تأثیر مدیریت آبیاری و الگوی کشت بر شاخص‌های کیفیت خاک (مطالعه موردی: عرصه‌های کشاورزی سمنان)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گیلان

2 استاد، گروه احیاء مناطق خشک و کوهستانی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

3 استادیار، گروه احیاء مناطق خشک و کوهستانی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

4 دانشیار، پژوهشکده حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، سازمان تحقیقات،‌ آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

5 استادیار، گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

6 دانشیار، گروه احیاء مناطق خشک و کوهستانی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

چکیده

کیفیت خاک عاملی است که در اثر تغییر در ویژگی­های ذاتی خاک و چگونگی مدیریت حاکم بر آن تغییر می­کند. به‌منظور ارزیابی کیفیت خاک متأثر از نوع کاربری، مدیریت‌های مختلف آبیاری، و نوع کشت در منطقه سمنان، از شاخص کیفیت تجمعی و شاخص کیفیت نمرو استفاده شد. با حفر و تشریح 13 خاکرخ در پنج مزرعه و باغ منتخب و نمونه‌برداری از افق‌های سطحی و متوسط عمقی، 14ویژگی‌ مؤثر در کیفیت خاک تعیین و دو شاخص یادشده محاسبه گردیدند. نتایج نشان داد که خاک‌های اراضی زراعی در لایه‌های سطحی دارای درجه کیفیت II و III و خاک‌های اراضی باغی در لایه‌های سطحی و متوسط عمقی به دلیل عدم تکامل پروفیلی، پایین‌بودن کربن آلی و بالابودن میزان شوری دارای درجه کیفیت IV هستند. بالاترین میانگین‌ شاخص‌های کیفیت خاک لایه سطحی به یونجه (آبیاری غرقابی) با 67/0 اختصاص یافت؛ پس از آن جو (آبیاری بارانی) با 59/0، باغ زیتون (آبیاری قطره‌ای) با 39/0 و باغ زیتون (آبیاری غرقابی) با 32/0 قرار گرفتند. این یافته اثر مثبت محصولات پوششی در احیای خاک‌های این منطقه را نشان داد. تأثیر مدیریت آبیاری بر شاخص‌های کیفیت خاک حاکی از آن است که نوع سامانه‌ آبیاری به تنهایی نتوانسته است تفاوت معنی‌داری در کیفیت خاک ایجاد نماید. به‌طوری‌که آبیاری غرقابی در یونجه و باغ زیتون به ترتیب بالاترین و پایین­ترین شاخص کیفیت را داشت. همچنین در باغ زیتون با آبیاری‌های قطره‌ای و غرقابی، تفاوت معنی‌داری در شاخص‌های کیفیت خاک مشاهده نشد. بهره‌گیری از شاخص‌های مذکور این امکان را به مجریان بخش‌های کشاورزی می‌دهد تا در انتخاب استراتژی‌های مدیریتی و نظارت بر تغییرات کیفیت خاک تصمیم‌گیری نمایند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Irrigation Management and Cultivation pattern on Soil Quality Indices (Case study: Agriculture fields of Semnan)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Kourosh kamali 1
  • Gholam Reza Zehtabian 2
  • Tayyebeh Mesbahzadeh 3
  • Mahmood Arabkhedri 4
  • Hossayin Shahab Arkhazlo 5
  • Alireza Moghaddam Nia 6
1 1. Member of scientific board, Gilan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Rasht,
2 Professor, Department of Reclamation of Arid and Mountainous Regions, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
3 Assistant professor, Department of Reclamation of Arid and Mountainous Regions, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
4 Associate professor, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran
5 Assistant professor, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
6 Associate Professor, Department of Reclamation of Arid and Mountainous Regions, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

Soil quality, as a factor, is changing due to variation of soil inherent characteristics and the type of management practices on the soil. Integrated Quality Index and Nemero Quality Index were applied to evaluate the influence of land use types, different irrigation managements, and types of cultivated products on the soil quality in Semnan region.  After describing 13 soil profiles in five selected crop fields and orchards, soil samples were taken from different horizons and 14 properties efective on the soil quality were determined and the proposed indecs were calculated. The results showed that the quality of top layers of agricultural lands are classified as II and III degree, while the top layer and sublayer of garden lands are classified as IV degree due to lack of profile evolution, low organic carbon and high salinity. The highest average soil quality indices were assigned to alfalfa (flood irrigation) with 0.67; followed by barley (sprinkler irrigation) with 0.59, olive orchard (drip irrigation) with 0.39 and olive orchard (flood irrigation) with 0.32. This finding indicates the positive effect of cover crops on land reclamation of Semnan region. The effect of irrigation system on soil quality indices did not show any significant difference among them, as the flood irrigation in alfalfa and olive farms showed the highest and the lowest soil quality indecs, respectively. Also, there was no significant difference in soil quality of olive orchards under drip irrigation vs. flood irrigation. Soil quality indecs make opportunity to agricultural managers to choose appropriate management strategies and monitoring the changes in the soil quality.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Combating desertification
  • Sustainable agriculture
  • Integrated Quality Index
  • Nemoro Quality Index

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تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران
دوره 51، شماره 9
آذر 1399
صفحه 2323-2335

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