تأثیر هورمون‌های رشد و قارچ‌های میکوریزآربوسکولار بر عملکرد گیاه سیب‌زمینی، رقم آگریا

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه اموزشی خاکشناسی دانشگاه زنجان شهر زنجان کشور ایران

2 استاد گروه خاکشناسی دانشگاه زنجان. زنجان. ایران

3 گروه اموزشی خاکشناسی دانشگاه جیرفت شهر جیرفت. استان کرمان کشور ایران

چکیده

قارچ­های میکوریزی ازجمله ریزجاندارنی هستند که در تأمین فسفر، روی، مس و آب برای گیاه نقش دارند و هورمون‌های رشد نیز با گسترش ریشه­زایی باعث جذب بیشتر مواد غذایی و در نتیجه رشد گیاه می­شوند. به­منظور بررسی تأثیر هورمون‌های رشد گیاهی و قارچ­های میکوریزی بر عملکرد گیاه سیب­زمینی رقم آگریا یک آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در شرایط گلخانه به اجرا درآمد. فاکتورهای مورد بررسی شامل نوع هورمون‌ رشد مصرفی در چهار سطح (شاهد، جیبرلیک­اسید، ایندول­­استیک­اسید و نفتالین­استیک­اسید) و نوع قارچ میکوریزا مصرفی در چهار سطح (شاهد، فونلیفورمیس­موسه‌آ، رایزوفاگوس­اینترارادیسز و مخلوط دو قارچ) بودند که هر فاکتور در سه تکرار اعمال گردید. هورمون­های رشد گیاهی با غلظت ۲۵ میلی­گرم در لیتر محلول­پاشی شدند و میزان مصرف محیط حاوی قارچ میکوریزا 10 گرم در هر جعبه کاشت بود. نتایج نشان دادند که بیش­ترین مقدار شاخص کلروفیل برگ و طول غده از تیمار قارچ فونلیفورمیس­موسه­آ هم­زمان با مصرف هورمون رشد نفتالین­استیک­اسید به­دست آمد که به­ترتیب برابر با 20/1 و 45/5 سانتی‌متر بود. بالاترین درصد ماده خشک، قطر ساقه و وزن ‌تر غده از تیمار حاوی مخلوط دو قارچ فونلیفورمیس­موسه‌آ، رایزوفاگوس اینترارادیسز و بدون مصرف هورمون رشد به­دست آمد که به­ترتیب برابر با 69/19 درصد، 93/12 میلی­متر و 78/98 گرم بود. بیش­ترین مقدار قطر غده از مصرف هورمون رشد جیبرلیک­اسید و بدون قارچ میکوریزا به­دست آمد که 46/12 سانتی­متر بود. بالاترین دانسیته غده از تیمار حاوی قارچ فونلیفورمیس موسه­آ همراه با مصرف هورمون رشد جیبرلیک­اسید به­دست آمد که برابر 50/1 گرم بر سانتی­متر مکعب بود. به­طور کلی نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که مصرف هورمون رشد جیبرلیک­اسید و مخلوط دو قارچ فونلیفورمیس­موسه‌آ و رایزوفاگوس ­اینترارادیسز باعث بیش­ترین مقدار عملکرد سیب­زمینی رقم آگریا شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Growth Hormones and Mycorrhizal Fungi on the Yield of Potato Plant (Agria Cultivar)

نویسندگان [English]

  • mosayeb vafaee 1
  • Ahmad Golchin 2
  • fatemeh moradi 1
  • Afrooz Shariatzade 3
1 soil sceince , university 0f zanjan. zanjan iran
2 Professor, Dept. of Soil Science, Zanjan University . zanjan. iran
3 soil sceince , university 0f jiroft. jiroft. kerman, iran
چکیده [English]

Among the microorganisms, mycorrhizal fungi are involved in providing phosphorus, zinc, copper and water to the plant. Also, growth hormones by increasing rhyzogenesis and thus the nutrient uptake of rootstocks enhances plant growth. In order to investigate the effects of plant growth hormones and mycorrhizal fungi on the yield of potato plant, Agria cultivar, a factorial experiment with a randomized complete block design was performed under greenhouse conditions. The proposed factors were four types of growth hormone (control, gibberellic acid, indole acetic acid and naphthalene acetic acid) and four types of mycorrhizal fungi which are used for inoculation of the potato plant (control, Funneliformis Mosseae, Rhizophagus intraradices and a mixture of Funneliformis Mosseae + Rhizophagus intraradices). Each factor was consisted of three replications. Plant growth hormones were sprayed with a concentration of 25 mg/l and 10 g of the medium containing mycorrhizal fungi was applied to each planting box. The results showed that the highest amount of the leaf chlorophyll index and potato tuber length were obtained from the treatment containing Funneliformis Mosseae fungus with the simultaneous use of naphthalene acetic acid growth hormone, which were 1.20 and 5.45 cm, respectively. The highest percentage of dry matter, stem diameter and fresh weight of the potato tuber were obtained from the treatment containing a mixture of Funneliformis Mosseae and Rhizophagus intraradices fungi and without application of growth hormone, which were 19.69%, 12.93 mm and 98.87 g, respectively. The maximum diameter of potato tuber was obtained by using the gibberellic acid growth hormone without mycorrhizal fungi application, which was 12.46 cm. The highest density of potato tuber was obtained from the treatment containing Funneliformis mosseae fungus and gibberellic acid growth hormone, which was 1.50 g/cm3. In general, the results of this study showed that the application of gibberellic acid growth hormone and a mixture of Rhizophagus Rhizophagus intraradices and Funneliformis Mosseae fungi as inoculant created the highest potato yield.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Agria
  • Funneliformis Mosseae
  • Gibberellic Acid
  • Indole Acetic Acid
  • Tuber Wet Weight

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تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران
دوره 51، شماره 7
مهر 1399
صفحه 1623-1635

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