اثر روش‌های آبیاری قطره‌ای زیرسطحی و جویچه‌ای روی شاخص‌های رشد و عملکرد نیشکر

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشکده مهندسی علوم آب دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

2 هیئت علمی گروه آبیاری و زهکشی دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

3 استاد مهندسی آبیاری و زهکشی دانشکده مهندسی علوم آب دانشگاه شهید چمران، اهواز، ایران

4 مدیریت به نژادی موسسه تحقیقات و آموزش نیشکر

چکیده

در این مطالعه اثر مدیریت آبیاری قطره‌ای زیرسطحی و جویچه‌ای روی شاخص سطح برگ (LAI)، توزیع ریشه، کیفیت و عملکرد گیاه نیشکر، برای بازرویی اول مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. به همین منظور دو مزرعه یکی با مدیریت آبیاری قطره‌ای زیرسطحی و دیگری با مدیریت آبیاری جویچه‌ای انتهابسته به‌عنوان شاهد مطالعه شدند. در هر مزرعه سه ایستگاه اندازه‌گیری پارامترهای رشد انتخاب شد و نتایج به‌دست آمده تجزیه و تحلیل آماری شدند. تعداد ساقه‌ها، تعداد برگ‌های سبز، طول و عرض برگ در طول یک متر، در شش نوبت به‌ترتیب 91، 99، 105، 112، 119 و 128 روز پس از برداشت پلنت شمارش و اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد تعداد و طول و عرض برگ در هر دو روش آبیاری اختلاف معنی‌داری با هم نداشت. تعداد، طول و عرض برگ‌ها در آبیاری جویچه‌ای به‌صورت میانگین و به‌ترتیب 6/7، 100 و 2/3 و در آبیاری قطره‌ای زیرسطحی 2/7، 101 و 9/2 سانتی‌متر بودند. تعداد ساقه‌ها و LAI در آبیاری قطره‌ای زیرسطحی، به‌ترتیب در سطح احتمال یک و پنج درصد اختلاف معنی‌داری با آبیاری جویچه‌ای داشت. تعداد ساقه‌ها و مقدار LAI در آبیاری قطره‌ای زیرسطحی 06/2 و 77/1 برابر بیش‌تر از آبیاری جویچه‌ای بود. LAI تحت تأثیر تعداد ساقه‌ها قرار گرفته است. مقدار تمام پارامترهای کیفی در دو نوع آبیاری با هم اختلاف معنی‌داری نداشتند. وزن 20 ساقه، بریکس، پل، درصد خلوص شربت، عملکرد شکر زرد و عملکرد شکر سفید در آبیاری قطره‌ای زیرسطحی به‌ترتیب 7/9، 3/1، 2، 08/0، 8/2 و 4/45 درصد بیش‌تر از آبیاری جویچه‌ای اندازه‌گیری شد. وزن، طول، سطح و حجم ریشه در آبیاری قطره‌ای زیرسطحی به‌ترتیب 9/32، 4/42، 4/42 و 5/42 درصد بیش‌تر از آبیاری جویچه‌ای تعیین شدند. قطر ریشه در آبیاری جویچه‌ای 9/1 برابر بیش‌تر از آبیاری قطره‌ای زیرسطحی بود. بنابراین ریشه‌ها در آبیاری قطره‌ای زیرسطحی ظریف، افشان و عمیق‌تر از آبیاری جویچه‌ای بودند. همچنین ریشه‌ها در آبیاری قطره‌ای زیرسطحی 20 درصد عمیق‌تر از آبیاری جویچه‌ای مشاهده شدند. راندمان آبیاری قطره‌ای زیرسطحی و آبیاری جویچه‌ای در مزارع مورد مطالعه به‌ترتیب 2/88 و 3/62 درصد محاسبه شد. بهره‌وری مصرف آب در آبیاری قطره‌ای زیرسطحی و جویچه‌ای به‌ترتیب 43/9 و 01/8 کیلوگرم بر میلی‌متر بر هکتار اندازه‌گیری شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Subsurface Drip and Furrow Irrigation System on Growth and Yield Indices in Sugarcane Cultivation

نویسندگان [English]

  • Dorsa Namdarian 1
  • Abd Ali Naseri 2
  • Saeed BoroomandNasab 3
  • Masoud Parvizialmani 4
1 Faculty of Water Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
2 Irrigation and Drainage Department, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
3 Professor of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, Faculty of Water Engineering, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
4 Management Eugenic Sugarcane Research and Training Institute
چکیده [English]

This study aimed to investigate the effect of subsurface drip irrigation on leaf area index, root distribution, quality and yield of sugarcane for the first ratoon. Two fields including one field with subsurface drip irrigation and other field with closed-end furrow irrigation were studied as control. Three measurement stations were selected in each field. The results were statistically analyzed. Number of plants, number of green leaves, leaf length and width over one meter were counted and measured six times at 91, 99, 105, 112, 119 and 128 days after harvesting of plant, respectively. Leaf number and leaf length and leaf width were not significantly different in both irrigations. Number, length and width of leaves in furrow irrigation averaged 7.6, 100 and 3.2 cm and in subsurface drip irrigation averaged 7.2, 101 and 2.9 cm. The number of plants and LAI were significantly different at 99 and 95% level. The number of plants and LAI were in subsurface drip irrigation 2.06 and 1.77 times higher than furrow irrigation, respectively. The LAI value was affected by the number of plants. The value of all qualitative parameters in subsurface drip irrigation was higher than furrow irrigation, but none of them had significant differences in two types of irrigation. Weight of 20 stalks, brix, POL, purity (PTY), yield (Y) and sugar yield (SY) in subsurface drip irrigation 9.7%, 1.3%, 2%, 0.08%, 2.8% and 45.4% were more than furrow irrigation respectively. Weight, length, area and volume in subsurface drip irrigation were 32.9%, 42.4%, 42.4% and 42.5% more than furrow irrigation, respectively. Diameter of root in subsurface drip irrigation was 1.9 times less than furrow irrigation. Therefore, roots in subsurface drip irrigation were finer and deeper than the furrow irrigation. Also, in subsurface drip irrigation the roots were 20% deeper than furrow irrigation. The efficiency of subsurface drip irrigation and furrow irrigation was 88.2% and 62.3%, respectively. Water use efficiency in subsurface drip and furrow irrigation was 9.43 and 8.01 kg/mm.ha, respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • "Brix"
  • "POL"
  • "Purity"
  • "Shoot/ root ratio"

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تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران
دوره 51، شماره 6
شهریور 1399
صفحه 1515-1527

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