تأثیر دمای گرماکافت و نوع ضایعات آلی بر ویژگی‎های فیزیکوشیمیایی بیوچارهای تولیدی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران.

چکیده

بیوچار به‎دلیل توانایی در بهبود حاصلخیزی خاک، غیرمتحرک کردن آلاینده‎ها و هم‎چنین یک روش مناسب برای ترسیب کربن و به‎عنوان مخزن کربن مورد توجه بسیاری از محققان قرار گرفته است. به‎منظور بررسی تأثیر دمای گرماکافت و نوع ضایعات آلی بر ویژگی‎های فیزیکوشیمیایی بیوچارهای تولیدی،آزمایشی در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی و به‌صورت فاکتوریل با دو عامل نوع ضایعات آلی (کاه و کلش گندم و پوست گردو و بادام) و دمای گرماکافت (300 و °C500) و در سه تکرار طراحی شد. نتایج نشان داد که میزان EC، pH، خاکستر و CEC بیوچارهای تولیدی در دمای گرماکافت °C300 افزایش یافت. با افزایش دمای گرماکافت به °C500 میزان OC، CEC و گروه‎های عاملی سطحی بیوچارهای تولیدی نسبت به بیوچارهای تولیدی در دمای °C300 کاهش یافت، ولی میزان pH، خاکستر و EC بیوچار با افزایش دمای گرماکافت به °C500 افزایش یافت. بیش‎ترین میزان EC، pH، مواد محلول در آب، خاکستر و کم‎ترین میزان جرم مخصوص ظاهری مربوط به بیوچار کاه و کلش گندم تولیدی در دمای گرماکافت °C500 بود. بیش‎ترین میزان کربنات کلسیم معادل مربوط به بیوچار پوست بادام تولیدی در دما گرماکافت °C500 حاصل شد. با افزایش دمای گرماکافت از 300 به °C500 درصد عملکرد تولید بیوچار کاهش، ولی میزان هدررفت و خروج مواد فرار مانند CO2 افزایش یافت. در کل، خصوصیات بیوچارهای تولیدی تابع نوع مواد اولیه و شرایط گرماکافت (دما و زمان ماندگاری) بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of Pyrolysis Temperature and Type of Organic Residues on Physicochemical Properties of Produced Biochar

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohamad MalehMir Chegini
  • Ahmad Golchin
  • Nader Khadem Moghadam Igdelou
  • Kamran Moraveij
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Biochar has attracted the attention of many researchers because of its ability to improve soil fertility, immobilization of pollutants, as well as a suitable method of carbon sequestration and as a carbon reservoir. In order to investigate the effect of pyrolysis temperature and type of organic residues on physicochemical properties of biochars, a completely randomized designe as a factorial experiment was designed with two factors of organic residues type (wheat straw and walnut and almond bark) and pyrolysis temperature (300 and 500°C) in three replicates. The results showed that EC, pH, ash, and CEC of biochar increased at pyrolysis temperature of 300°C. By increasing the pyrolysis temperature to 500°C, the amount of organic carbon (OC), CEC, and surface functional groups of biochar decreased compared to biochar produced at 300 °C whereas pH, ash, and EC increased. The highest EC, pH, water soluble materials, ash, and the lowest bulk density were recorded in wheat straw biochar produced at 500°C. The highest value of equivalent calcium carbonate was obtained in almond peel biochar produced at 500°C. Biochar production yield decreased and the loss of volatile compound such as CO2 increased by increasing the pyrolysis temperature from 300°C to 500°C. In addition, the characteristics of biochar were dependent on type of feedstock and pyrolysis conditions (temperature and time residence).

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Almond hull
  • enrichment ratio
  • functional groups
  • walnut hull
  • wheat straw
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