پویایی‌ مشخصه‌های بیوشیمی و میکروبیولوژی خاک در مدیریت‌های مختلف اراضی ناحیه هیرکانی غربی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجو دکتری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، نور، مازندران، ایران

2 استاد، دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، ، نور، مازندران، ایران

3 گروه جنگلداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم دریایی نور، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

4 استادیار، دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، نور، مازندران، ایران

چکیده

تغییرکاربری اراضی یکی از دخالت­های مهم بشر در اکوسیستم­های طبیعی است که بر روی فرآیندهای اکوسیستم به ویژه خاک اثرگذار است. در پژوهش حاضر، اثر تغییر کاربری اراضی بر پویایی­ فعالیت­های میکروبی و آنزیمی خاک منطقه گردکوه صافک استان مازندران مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. بدین منظور، نمونه‌برداری خاک به روش سیستماتیک-تصادفی و از دو عمق 5-0 و 10- 5 سانتی­متری انجام شد. در مجموع 240 نمونه خاک از شش کاربری (جنگل طبیعی ممرز - انجیلی، جنگل مخروبه ممرز- انجیلی، جنگل­کاری توسکا، جنگل­کاری سکویا، آیش رها شده و اگروفارستری بارده) در چهار فصل بهار، تابستان، پاییز و زمستان جمع­آوری شد. مطابق با نتایج، کاربری­های توسکا و جنگل طبیعی بیشترین مقادیر تنفس پایه (49/0 و 44/0 میلی‌گرم دی اکسید کربن برگرم در یک روز) و برانگیخته (40/1 و 40/1 میلی‌گرم دی اکسید کربن برگرم در یک روز) و در مقابل، جنگل‌کاری سکویا و کاربری آیش کمترین مقادیر تنفس پایه (21/0 و 24/0 میلی‌گرم دی اکسید کربن برگرم در یک روز) و برانگیخته (02/1 و 07/1 میلی‌گرم دی اکسید کربن برگرم در یک روز) را به خود اختصاص دادند. کاربری­های توسکا و جنگل طبیعی بیشترین مقادیر زی­توده میکروبی نیتروژن (20/70 و 38/67 میلی‌گرم برکیلوگرم)، نیترات (92/32 و 49/30 میلی‌گرم برکیلوگرم) و آمونیوم (04/30 و 95/27 میلی‌گرم برکیلوگرم) را به خود اختصاص داد. بالاترین میزان فعالیت آنزیم­های اوره‌آز، فسفاتاز، آریل­سولفاتاز و اینورتاز به ترتیب در کاربری­های توسکا و جنگل طبیعی (8/145، 8/144µg NH4+–N g−1 2 h−1،2/651، 6/629 µgPNP g−1 h−1، 4/142، 4/141µg PNP g−1 h−1 و 217، 8/214 µg Glucose g−1 3 h−1) و کمترین میزان فعالیت به ترتیب در کاربری­های آیش، مخروبه و سکویا (22/127، 86/128، 08/128µg NH4+–N g−1 2 h−1،2/273، 2/261، 8/272 µgPNP g−1 h−1، 2/107، 6/109، 8/108 µg PNP g−1 h−1 و 4/151، 4/155، 8/158 µg Glucose g−1 3 h−1) مشاهده شد. با توجه به تغییرپذیری مشخصه­های میکروبی و آنزیمی خاک در فصول مختلف سال و عمق­های مورد بررسی، بیشترین مقادیر این مشخصه­ها به فصول تابستان و بهار و لایه بالایی خاک اختصاص داشته است. با توجه به ارزیابی صورت گرفته در بین کاربری­ها، بعد از جنگل طبیعی، در مناطق جنگلی تخریب­­یافته شمال کشور، استقرار گونه درختی توسکا می­تواند به عنوان گونه منتخب در کاربری­هایی با شرایط مشابه جهت بهبود کیفیت و سلامت خاک مد نظر قرار گیرد. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The dynamics of soil biochemistry and microbiology in various land management of the Western Hyrcanian region

نویسندگان [English]

  • negar moghimian 1
  • mohsen hosseini 2
  • Yahya Kooch 3
  • behroz zarei 4
1 Ph. D. Student, Faculty of Natural Resources & Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran.
2 Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources & Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran
3 Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University
4 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources & Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Land use change is one of the major human interactions in natural ecosystems that affect ecosystem processes, especially soils. In the present study, the effect of land use change on the dynamics of microbial and enzymatic activities in the Gerdkooh-Safak area of ​​Mazandaran province was investigated. For this purpose, soil sampling was carried out by systematic-random method from two depths of 0-5 and 5-10 cm. Totally, 240 soil samples were collected from six land uses (i.e. natural forests of hornbeam-ironwood, degraded natural forest, alder plantation, sequia plantation, improved follow and home garden), in four seasons of spring, summer, autumn and winter. According to the results, alder plantation and natural forest had the highest basal (0.49 and 0.44 mg CO2-C g−1 day−1) and substrate induced respirations (1.40 and 1.40 mg CO2-C g−1 day−1); in contrast, the sequia plantaion and improved follow had the least basal (0.21 and 0.24 mg CO2-C g−1 day−1) and substrate induced respirations (1.02 and 1.07 mg CO2-C g−1 day−1). Alder plantation and natural forest had the highest amount of nitrogen microbial biomass (70.20 and 67.38 mg kg-1), nitrate (32.92 and 30.49 mg kg-1) and ammonium (30.04 and 27.95 mg kg-1). The highest levels of enzymes activity of urease, phosphatase, arylsulphatase and invertase were found in alder plantation and natural forest (145.8, 144.8 µg NH4+–N g−1 2 h−1, 651.2, 629.6 µgPNP g−1 h−1, 142.4, 141.4 µg PNP g−1 h−1 and 217, 214.8 µg Glucose g−1 3 h−1) respectively and the least activity was detected under improved follow, degraded sites and sequia planation (127.22, 128.86, 128.08 µg NH4+–N g−1 2 h−1, 273.2, 261.2, 272.8 µgPNP g−1 h−1, 107.2, 109.6, 108/8 µg PNP g−1 h−1 and 151.4, 155.4, 158.8 µg Glucose g−1 3 h−1). Due to the variability of soil microbial and enzymatic characteristics in different seasons of the year and the proposed depths, the highest values ​​of these characteristics were allocated to the seasons of summer and spring and the upper layer of soil. According to the evaluation of land uses and following the natural forest, the establishment of the alder species in the degraded forest areas of the northern Iran can be considered as the selected species for land uses with similar conditions to improve the soil quality and health.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Degradation and reclamation
  • basal and induced respiration
  • Microbial biomass
  • seasonal dynamics
  • soil depth
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