Abbasi, F., Feyen, J., Roth, R.L., Sheedy, M., and van Genuchten, M.Th. (2003). Water flow and solute transport in furrow-irrigated fields. Irrigation Science, 22, 57-65.
Abbasi, F., Liaghat, A. M., and Ganjeh, A. (2008). Evaluation of fertigation uniformity in furrow irrigation, Journal of Soil and Water Research, 39(1), 117–127. (In Farsi)
Ayars, J. E., Christen, E. W and Hornbuckle, J. W. (2006). Controlled drainage for improved water management in arid regions irrigated agriculture. Agricultural Water Management, 86, 128-139.
Bowman, D. C., Devitt, D. A., and Miller, W. W. (2006). The effect of moderate salinity on nitrate leaching from Bermuda grass turf: a lysimeter study. Water Air and Soil Pollution, 175, 49-60.
Chan, K. Y., Van Zwieten, L., Meszaros, I., Downie, A., and Joseph, S. (2008). Agronomic values of greenwaste biochar as a soil amendment. Soil Research, 45(8), 629-634.
Chen, W., Hou, Z., Wu, L., Liang, Y., and Wei, C. (2010). Effects of salinity and nitrogen on cotton growth in arid environment. Plant and Soil, 326, 61-73.
Clough, T. J., Condron, L. M., Kammann, C., and Muller, C. (2013). Areview of biochar and soil nitrogen dynamics. Agronomy Journal, 3(2), 275-293.
Ding, Y., Liu, Y.X., Wu, W.X., Shi, D.Z., Yang, M., and Zhong, Z.K. (2010). Evaluation of biochar effects on nitrogen retention and Leaching in multi- Layered soil columns. Water Air and Soil Pollution, 213, 47-55.
Erfanmanesh, M., and Afyoni, M. (2005). Environment Pollution: Air-Water-Soil. 3rd Edition, Arkan Publications (In Farsi).
Feng, Z.Z., Wang, X.K., and Feng, Z.W. (2005). Soil N and salinity leaching after the autumn irrigation and its impact on groundwater in Hetao Irrigation District, China. Agricultural Water Management, 71(2), 131-143.
Gai, X., Wang, H., Liu, J., Zhai, L., Liu, S., Ren, T., and Liu, H. (2014). Effects of feedstock and pyrolysis temperature on biochar adsorption of ammonium and nitrate. Plos One, 9(12), e113888.
Gaskin, J. W., Steiner, C., Harris, K. C., Das, C., and Bibens, B. (2008). Effect of low temperature pyrolysis conditions on biochar for agricultural use. Transactions of the Asabe, 51, 2061-2069.
Ghorbani, M., Asadi, H., and Abrishamkesh, S. (2015). Effect of rice husk biochar on Nitrate Leaching in a clayey Soil. Soil and Water Sciences, 29(4), 427- 434. (In Farsi)
Isaac, D.T., Billy, J., and Ramirez, F. (2015). Utilizing biochar to mitigate nitrate Leaching and increase crop yield in South Central WA. AAAS, Annual Meeting (12-16 February).
Jego, G., Sanchez-perez, J. M., and Justes, E. (2012). Predicting soil water and mineral nitrogen contents with the STICS model for estimating nitrate leaching under agricultural fields. Agricultural Water Management, 107, 54-65.
Kameyama, k., Miyamoto, T., Iwata, Y., and Shiono, T. (2016). Influence of feedstock and pyrolysis temperature on the nitrate adsorption of biochar. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 62, 180-184.
Kameyama, K., Miyamoto, T., Shiono, T., and Shinogi, Y. (2012). Influence of sugarcane bagasse-derived biochar application on nitrate Leaching in calcaric darkred soil. Journal of Environmental Quality, 41, 1131-1137.
Keeney, D.R. and Nelson, D.W. (1982). Nitrogen - inorganic forms. In: Miller, R.H., and Keeney, D.R (Eds). Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. Chemical and microbiological properties. (2nd edition). Agronomy Journal, 9, 643-698.
Khorramian, M., Boroomand Nasab, S., Abbasi, F., and Ashrafizadeh, S. R. (2011). Effect of different amounts of water and nitrogen on nitrate movement in the soil and corn yield. Journal of Soil and Water Research, 42(2), 271-278. (In Farsi)
Knowles, O.A., Robinson, B.H., Contangelo, A., and Clucas, L. (2011). Biochar for the mitigation of nitrate leaching from soil amended with biosolids. Science of the Total Environment, 409, 3206–3210. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.05.011.
Lehmann, J. (2007). Bioenergy in the black. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 5(7), 381-387.
Lehmann, J., Pereira da Silva, J., Steiner, C., Nehls, T., Zech, W., and Glaser, B. (2003). Nutrient availability and leaching in an archaeological anthrosol and a ferralsol of the central Amazon basin: Fertilizer, manure and charcoal amendments. Plant and Soil, 249, 343-357. Doi: 10.1023/A:1022833116184.
Lodhi, A., Arshad, M., Azam, F., Sajjad, M. H., and Ashraf, M. (2009). Changes in mineral and mineralizable N of soil incubated at varying salinity, moisture and temperature regimes. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 41, 967–980.
Lou, K., Rajapaksha, A. U., Ok, Y. S., and Chang, S. X. (2016). Pyrolysis temperature and steam activation effects on sorption of phosphate on pine sawdust biochars in aqueous solutions. Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability, 28, 42-50. doi:10.1080/09542299.2016.1165080.
Mai, V. T., Van, K. H., and Roetter, R. (2010). Nitrogen leaching in intensive cropping systems in Tam Duong district, Red River Delta of Vietnam. Water Air and Soil Pollution, 210, 15-31.
Molavi, H., Parsinejad, M., and Liaghat, A. M. (2011). Control of salinity and nitrate losses in drainage water under water table management. Journal of Water and Irrigation Management, 1(1), 15-28. (In Farsi)
Mori, Y., and Higashi, N. (2009). Controlling solute transport processes in soils by using dual-porosity characteristics of natural soils. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 347, 121-127.
Mostofi, N. (2009). Nitrate leaching in soils treated with active sludge, cattle manure and chemical fertilizers. Master thesis, University Putra Malaysia.
Osmond, D. L., Gilliam, J. W., and Evans, R. O. (2002). Riparian buffers and controlled drainage to reduce agricultural nonpoint source pollution, North Carolina Agricultural Research Service Technical Bulletin 318, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.
Phoga, V., Skewes, M. A., Cox, J. W., Sanderson, G., Alam, J., and Šimunek, J. (2014). Seasonal simulation of water, salinity and nitrate dynamics under drip irrigated mandarin (Citrus reticulata) and assessing management options for drainage and nitrate leaching. Journal of Hydrology, 513, 504–516.
Rutherford, D. W., Wershaw, R. L., and Reeves, J. B. (2008). Development of acid functional groups and lactones during the thermal degradation of wood and wood components. U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report, 2007-5013, 43p.
Sanden, B. L., Ferguson, L., Reyes, H. C., and Grattan, S. C. (2004). Effect of salinity on evapotranspiration and yield of San Joaquin valley pistachios. Proceedings of the IVth International Symposium on Irrigation of Horticultural Crops, Acta Horticulturae, 664, 583-589.
Sepaskhah, A. R. and Maftoun, M. (1994). Seedling growth and chemical composition of two pistachio cultivars as affected by boron and nitrogen application. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 17(1), 155-171.
Singh, B. P., Cowie, A. L., & Smernik, R. J. (2012). Biochar carbon stability in a clayey soil as a function of feedstock and pyrolysis temperature. Environmental Science and Technology, 46(21), 11770-11778.
Singh, B.P., Hatton, B.J., Singh, B., Cowie, A.L., and Kathuria, A. (2010). Influence of biochars on nitrous oxide emission and nitrogen leaching from two contrasting soils. Journal of Environmental Quality, 39(4), 1224-1235.
Sohi, S., Krull, E., Lopez-Capel, E., and Bol, R. (2010). A review of biochar and its use and function in soil. Advances in Agronomy, 105, 47-82.
Soil Survey Staff. (2014). Soil survey laboratory methods manual. Soil survey investigations report No.42, version 5. United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, National Soil Survey Center.
Sposito, G. (2008). The chemistry of soils. Oxford University Press, New York.
Steiner, C., Glaser, B., Geraldes Teixeira, W., Lehmann, J., Blum, W.E., and Zech, W. (2008). Nitrogen retention and plant uptake on a highly weathered central Amazonian Ferralsol amended with compost and charcoal. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 171(6), 893-899.
Ventura, M., Sorrenti, G., Panzacchi, P., George, E., and Tonon, G. (2013). Biochar reduces short- term nitrate Leaching form A horizon in an apple orchad. doi:10.2134/jeq2012.0250.
Wesström, I., and Messing, I. (2007). Effects of controlled drainage on N and P losses and N dynamics in a loamy sand with spring crops. Agricultural Water Management, 87, 229-240.
Yoo, G., Kim, H., Chen, J., and Kim, Y. (2013). Effects of biochar addition on nitrogen leaching and soil structure following fertilizer application to rice paddy soil. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 78, 852-860.
Zhou, G., Zhang, W., and Ma, L. (2016). Effects of saline water irrigation and N application rate on NH3 volatilization and N use efficiency in a drip-irrigated cotton field. Water Air and Soil Pollution, 227, 103. Doi: 10.1007/s11270-016-2806-2.
)