اثر رطوبت ظرفیت مزرعه‌ای در تعیین و ارزیابی شاخص‌های کیفیت فیزیکی خاک

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران

2 موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

چکیده

برآورد بسیاری از شاخص­های کیفیت فیزیکی خاک مستلزم تعیین رطوبت خاک در نقطه ظرفیت مزرعه­ای (FC) است. لذا هدف این پژوهش، ارزیابی اثر مکش­های مختلف معادل رطوبت ظرفیت مزرعه­ای بر مقدار شاخص­های مختلف کیفیت فیزیکی خاک و سپس ارزیابی کیفیت فیزیکی خاک­های مورد مطالعه برمبنای شاخص­های محاسبه شده بود. در این پژوهش از 35 نمونه خاک از اراضی کشاورزی استان البرز استفاده و شاخص­های S دکستر، ظرفیت هوا، آب قابل استفاده گیاه و ظرفیت مزرعه­ای نسبی محاسبه گردید. نتایج نشان داد که براساس شاخص S دکستر، تنها 20 درصد از نمونه­های خاک در گروه کیفیت فیزیکی ضعیف (035/0 > S) قرار گرفتند و سایر نمونه­های خاک از کیفیت فیزیکی خوب یا بهتری برخوردار بودند (80 درصد). درحالی­که نتایج سایر شاخص­ها نشان داد که با فرض رطوبت FC در مکش­های 100، 330 سانتی­متر و مکش محاسبه شده براساس مفهوم شدت زهکشی ناچیز، به­ترتیب 12، 44 و 70 درصد از نمونه­های خاک از لحاظ تهویه، قابلیت دسترسی آب خاک و فعالیت میکروبی، کیفیت فیزیکی مناسبی داشتند. بین میانگین رطوبت FC در مکش معادل 330 سانتی­متر و روش پیشنهادی براساس شدت زهکشی ناچیز اختلاف معنی­داری مشاهده نشد. بنابراین، می­توان از شاخص­های کیفیت فیزیکی خاک بر مبنای رطوبت FC در مکش 330 سانتی­متر برای ارزیابی کیفیت فیزیکی در خاک­های مورد مطالعه استفاده نمود. نتایج نشان داد که علی­رغم توانایی خوب شاخص S دکستر، استفاده از سایر شاخص­های کیفیت فیزیکی خاک موجب ارزیابی جامع­تری از محدودیت­های فیزیکی خاک بر رشد گیاه می­گردد اما تعیین شاخص­های کیفیت فیزیکی خاک مستلزم برآورد صحیحی از مقدار رطوبت ظرفیت مزرعه­ای خاک می­باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Field Capacity in Determination and Evaluation of the Soil Physical Quality Indices

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fatemeh Meskini-Vishkaee 1
  • Rasoul Mirkhani 2
1 Soil and Water Research Department, Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Ahvaz, Iran
2 Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

Estimating the soil physical indices requires determination of soil moisture content at field capacity (FC). Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of various soil suctions according to field capacity on different soil physical quality indices and subsequently to evaluate the soil physical quality based on the calculated indices. In this study, 35 soil samples from agricultural lands of Alborz province were used to calculate Dexter's S, air capacity, plant available water and relative field capacity indices. The results showed that only 20 % of the soil samples were in weak soil physical quality groups (S < 0.035) and the rest of soil samples had a good or better soil physical quality (80 %) on the basis of Dexter's S index. However, the results of other indices showed by assuming a FC moisture content at soil suction of 100, 330 cm and calculated suction based on the negligible drainage rate concept, 12, 44 and 70% of soil samples, respectively had a good physical quality in terms of soil aeration, water availability and microbial activity. There was no significant difference between the average FC at equivalent soil suction of 330 cm and the proposed approach based on the negligible drainage rate. Hence, the soil physical indices based on FC at soil suction of 330 cm can be used to evaluate the soil physical quality of the studied soils. Moreover, the results showed that despite of good ability of S index, use of other soil physical quality indices leads to a more comprehensive assessment of soil physical limitation on crop growth. However, determination of the soil quality indices requires an accurate estimation of soil moisture content at the field capacity.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Air capacity index
  • Dexter's S index
  • Plant available water
  • Relative field capacity index

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تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران
دوره 50، شماره 4
شهریور 1398
صفحه 836-846

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