اثر پتانسیل اسمزی و ماتریک یکسان بر جذب آب و عملکرد گیاه ذرت در سیستم آبیاری کامل و بخشی ریشه ذرت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری گروه خاکشناسی دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

3 دانشیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

چکیده

در این تحقیق اثر پتانسیل ماتریک و اسمزی برابر به طور جداگانه و هم­زمان، بر روی تغییرات جذب آب و عملکرد گیاه ذرت مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. آزمایش‌ها به­صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با دو فاکتور نوع پتانسیل (اسمزی، ماتریک و توأم) و سطوح پتانسیلی (46/0-، 12/1-، 19/1- و 63/3- بار) در 4 تکرار به‌صورت کشت گلخانه­ای انجام شد. کاهش سطوح پتانسیل از 46/0- تا 63/3- بار سبب کاهش 6/36 درصدی جذب آب در تیمار پتانسیل اسمزی گردید. کاهش سطوح پتانسیلی به ترتیب سبب کاهش 40 و 6/36 درصدی جرم خشک ریشه در تیمار پتانسیل اسمزی و توأم و افزایش 26 درصدی در تیمار پتانسیل ماتریک شد. در بین تیمارها و سطوح پتانسیلی مورد بررسی بیشترین راندمان مصرف آب با مقدار 12/1 گرم بر لیتر در سطح 12/1- بار تیمار توأم مشاهده گردید. نتایج نشان داد که تحت سطوح یکسان پتانسیل اسمزی و ماتریک، تنش شوری با کاهش بیشتر جذب آب صدمه بیشتری بر رشد گیاه وارد می­کند. این در حالی است که در تیمار توأم در سطوح بالای پتانسیلی (46/0- تا 12/1- بار) استفاده از سیستم آبیاری بخشی با بهبود نسبی وضعیت رشد ریشه (در بخش پتانسیل اسمزی)، سبب افزایش راندمان مصرف آب خواهد شد. با کاهش سطح پتانسیل در سطح 63/3- بار در تیمار توأم با وجود مکش برابر در دو سمت ریشه، گیاه آب کمتری را نسبت به زمانی که کل دو نیمه ریشه تحت شوری معادل این سطح پتانسیل قرار می­گیرد، دریافت می­کند. حداقل برای شوری‌های کم، مقادیر پتانسیل اسمزی و ماتریک قابل جمع نیستند و یا به عبارت دیگر مجموع آن‌ها نمی­تواند مبین شرایط واقعی حاکم بر محیط ریشه باشد. نتایج چنین مطالعاتی می­تواند در مدیریت دقیق کمیت و کیفیت آب آبیاری تحت تنش همزمان شوری و خشکی در مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک مورد استفاده قرار بگیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of - Equal Osmotic and Matric Potential on Water Uptake and Yield of Corn in Complete and Partial Root Irrigation System

نویسندگان [English]

  • saeedeh marzvan 1
  • mohammad hosein mohammadi 2
  • farid shekari 3
1 Ph.D. student of Department of Soil Science Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran
2 Associate Professor of Soil Science and Engineering Department, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
3 Associate Professor of Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

In this study, the effect of equal matric and osmotic potentials was investigated separately and simultaneously on water uptake and yield of corn. A factorial experiment with two factors; potential type (osmotic, matric and combined) and potential levels (-0.46, -1.12, -1.91, and -3.63 bar) was performed on the basis of completely randomized design with 4 replications in greenhouse conditions. Increasing in osmotic stress (from -0.46 to -3.63 bar) resulted a reduction in water uptake by 36.6%. Potential reduction reduced root dry mater 40 and 36.6% in osmotic and combined potential treatments, respectively. Slight drought stress increased root dry matter by %26. Among the treatments and potential levels, the highest water use efficiency was observed with 1.12 g/l for the potential level of -1.12 bar in the combined stress. The results showed under the same levels of osmotic and matric potential, the salinity stress causes more damage to plant growth with decreasing water uptake. At low potential levels (-0.46 to -1.12) of combined treatments, the partially irrigation system increases water use efficiency, due to relative improvement in root growth. At low potential level (-3.63 bar) of combined treatment (with equal suction at two sides of the root), the plant uptakes less water than the condition where total root experiences the same level of potential by salinity. At least for low salinity leves, the osmotic and matric potential values cannot be considered as two additive parameters; On the other hand, the sumation of them cannot show the real stress conditions of the root environment. The results of such studies can be used to accurately manage the quantity and quality of irrigation water under the salinity and drought stress in arid and semi-arid regions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • root division
  • Salinity stress
  • Drought stress
  • water uptake
  • partial root-zoon irrigation technique
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