مقایسه شکل‌های مختلف پتاسیم و رفتار جذب پتاسیم در خاک‌های زراعی و غیر زراعی منطقه زیرکشت توتون شمال‌غرب کشور

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم خاک دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ارومیه ایران

2 دانشیار گروه علوم خاک دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ایران

3 عضو هیئت علمی گروه خاک دانکده گشاورزی دانشگاه ارومیه، ایران

4 استاد گروه علوم خاک دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ایران

5 استادیار گروه علوم خاک دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ایران

چکیده

به منظور بررسی تأثیر کشت مستمر بر شکل‌های شیمیایی پتاسیم و رفتار جذب آن در خاک‌های زیرکشت توتون در منطقه شمال‌غرب ایران، شکل‌های پتاسیم خاک در 29 نمونه خاک زراعی و 29 نمونه خاک غیرزراعی هم‌جوار تعیین گردید و آزمایشات جذب به صورت پیمانه­ای با 5/2 گرم خاک در قدرت یونی 01/0 مولار CaCl2 انجام گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که با استمرار کشت، میانگین پتاسیم تبادلی و غلظت تعادلی پتاسیم محلول (EKC) در خاک‌های زراعی در مقایسه با مقدار آن‌ها در خاک‌های غیرزراعی هم‌جوار به‎طور معنی‌دار (P≤0.01) و به ترتیب حدود 28 و 27 درصد کاهش یافته به‎طوری‎که میانگین پتاسیم تبادلی در خاک‌های زراعی و غیرزراعی، به ترتیب 197 و 273 mg kg-1 و میانگین EKC به ترتیب برابر 9/7 و 8/10 mg l-1 بود. با توجه به وجود همبستگی معنی‌دار بین پتاسیم تبادلی و درصد رس (r= 0.577**) و همبستگی معنی‌دار بین پتاسیم تبادلی و پتاسیم محلول (r=0.418*) در خاک‌های زراعی و عدم معنی‌داری آن در خاک‌های غیرزراعی هم‌جوار، می‌توان استنباط کرد که مقداری از پتاسیم تبادلی در خاک‌های زراعی تخلیه شده است. با استمرار کشت، میانگین نسبت فعالیت پتاسیم در نقطه تعادل (AReK) و انرژی آزاد تبادلی پتاسیم (EK) در خاک‌های زراعی به ترتیب حدود 36 و 11 درصد و به‎طور معنی‌دار (P≤0.01) کاهش یافت که میانگین AReK در خاک‌های زراعی و غیرزراعی، به ترتیب 004/0 و 0063/0 mol L-1 و میانگین EK به ترتیب 3407- و 3055- cal mol-1 بود. به دلیل تخلیه نسبی پتاسیم تبادلی در خاک‌های زراعی مورد مطالعه، اعمال مدیریت کودهای پتاسیمی جهت تولید پایدار توتون در منطقه شمال‌غرب ایران نیاز می‌باشد. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparison of Potassium forms and Potassium Sorption Characteristics in Tobacco-Cultivated and Non-cultivated Soils in Northwest of Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Rahmatollah Ranjbar 1
  • Ebrahim Sepehr 2
  • Abbas Samadi 3
  • MirHassan Rasouli-Sadaghiani 4
  • Behnam Dovlati 5
  • Mohsen Barin 5
1 Soil science department, Agricultural faculty, Urmia university, Iran
2 2- Assosiate Prof., Soil Science Department, College of Agriculture, Urmia University, Iran
3 Prof., soil Science department, Agricultural faculty, Urmia university, Iran
4 4- Prof., Soil Science Department, College of Agriculture, Urmia University, Iran.
5 5- Assist. Prof., Soil Science Department, College of Agriculture, Urmia University, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of cultivation on potassium forms and potassium adsorption characteristics behavior in tobacco-growing and adjacent virgin soils in Northwest of Iran. Soil potassium forms were determined in 29 tobacco-growing soils and in 29 adjacent virgin soils. Soil potassium quantity-intensity relations (Q/I) were constructed by equilibrating and shaking 2.5 g soil with 25 ml of 0.01 mM CaCl2. The results indicated that the mean of exchangeable potassium (Kex) and the initial equilibrium concentration of solution potassium (EKC) values in tobacco-growing soils were significantly (p≤0.01) lower than those in the adjacent virgin soils and decreased 28% and 27 %, respectively. Thus, in tobacco-growing soils and their adjacent virgin soils, the mean of Kex were 197 and 273 mg kg-1, and the mean of EKC were 7.9 and 10.8 mg L-1, respectively. There was a significant correlation between solution potassium (Kso) and Kex (r=0.418*) as well as between Kex and clay (r= 0.577**) in tobacco-growing soils indicating depletion of Kex  in the studied soils. The mean of potassium activity ratio at equilibrium (AReK) and the energy of exchange potassium (EK) values in tobacco-growing soils were significantly (p≤0.001) lower than those in the adjacent virgin soils and decreased 36 and 11 %, respectively. In tobacco-growing soils and their adjacent virgin soils, the mean of AReK were 0.004 and 0.0063 mol L-1and the mean of EK were -3407 and -3055 cal mol-1, respectively. Because of exchangeable potassium depletion in the studied soils, potassium fertilizer management is needed to be practiced for sustainable production of tobacco in Northwest of Iran.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Soil potassium form
  • Adsorption isotherms
  • Potassium depletion
  • Tobacco

مراجع

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تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران
دوره 50، شماره 3
مرداد 1398
صفحه 653-664

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