بررسی شاخص‌های تنش خشکی در دو رقم کنجد (داراب 1 و دشتستان 2)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و

2 مربی پژوهش پایه 21، بخش تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران

3 محقق صنایع غذایی، بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی ، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران

چکیده

به منظور مطالعه و ارزیابی شاخص­های تنش خشکی بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد دانه، روغن، درصد روغن دانه و کارآیی مصرف آب دانه کنجد، آزمایشی به صـورت کرت‌های یک‌بار خرد شده در قالب بلـوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکــرار در سال زراعی 98-1397 در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی بهبهان اجرا گردید. فاکتور اصلی، مقدار آب در آبیاری قطره­ای نواری در چهار سطح 40، 60، 80 و 100 درصد نیاز آبی از شروع مرحله گلدهی و فاکتور فرعی رقم در دو سطح شامل ارقام داراب 1 و دشتستان2 در نظر گرفته شد. میانگین آب مصرفی در قالب تیمارهای 40، 60، 80، 100 درصد نیاز آبی و تیمار شاهد (آبیاری سطحی) به ­ترتیب برابر 0/35، 4/41، 8/47، 2/54 و 1/65 سانتی­متر آب بود. مقایسه میانگین کارایی مصرف آب در تیمارهای مختلف نشان داد که رقم داراب1 با 100 درصد نیاز آبی با کارایی مصرف آبی معادل 240/0 کیلوگرم بر متر مکعب، تیمار برتر بود. همچنین نتایج ضریب همبستگی پیرسون نشان داد، با افزایش ارتفاع بوته، تعداد دانه در کپسول، تعداد کپسول در بوته، وزن هزاردانه، حجم آب مصرفی، عملکرد روغن دانه و کارایی مصرف آب افزایش می­یابد. در نهایت، با توجه به کمتر بودن مقادیر شاخص­های معرف Stress Susceptibility Index و Tolerance Index در رقم داراب 1 نسبت به رقم دشتستان 2 و نیز بیش­تر بودن شاخص­های معرف Stress Tolerance Index، Mean Productivity، Geometric Mean Productivity، HM، Yield index و Yield stability index در رقم داراب 1 نسبت به رقم دشتستان 2 می­توان رقم داراب 1 را از نظر تنش خشکی به عنوان تیمار برتر معرفی نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Study of Drought Stress Indices in Two Varieties of Sesame (Darab1 and Dashtestan2)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Nader Salamati 1
  • Amirkhosro Danaie 2
  • Leila Behbahani 3
1 Research Assistant Professor of Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Ahvaz, Iran.
2 Member of Scientific Board, Seed and Plant lmprovement Department, Khuzestan. Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Ahvaz, Iran
3 Researcher of food industry, Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Ahvaz, Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to study and evaluate drought stress indices on yield, grain yield components, oil yield, seed oil percentage and sesame grain water use efficiency, a field study was carried out as split plots in randomized completely block design with three replications in 2018-2019 in Behbahan Agricultural Research Station. The main factor was the amount of irrigation water at four levels (40, 60, 80 and 100% of crop water requirement) that was applied by drip irrigation system since the beginning of flowering stage and the sub factor was sesame varieties including Darab1 and Dashtestan2 cultivars. The average applied water in 40, 60, 80 and 100% of crop water requirement treatments and also in control treatment (surface irrigation) were measured to be 350, 414, 478, 542 and 651 mm, respectively. The comparison of average water use efficiencies in different treatments showed a high value (0.240 kg/m3 of sesame seeds) for Darab1 cultivar with 100% crop water requirement, identifying as superior treatment. Also, the results of Pearson correlation coefficient showed by increasing plant height, number of seed in capsule, number of capsule per plant, 1000-seed weight, volume of applied water, the seed oil yield and water use efficiency increase. Finally, due to lower values of SSI and TOL indices and higher values of STI, MP and GMP indices in Darab1 variety compared to Dashtestan2 variety, Darab1 variety could be introduced as superior treatment in term of drought stress.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • 1000-grain weight
  • Water use efficiency
  • Variety
  • Evapotranspiration

مراجع

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تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران
دوره 50، شماره 9
بهمن 1398
صفحه 2201-2211

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