برنامه‌ریزی آبیاری ماش سیاه براساس شاخص تنش آبی گیاه (CWSI) تحت روش آبیاری قطره‌ای

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کاندیدای دکتری آبیاری و زهکشی، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

3 استادیار، گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

4 دانشیار، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

5 استادیار، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

6 استادیار، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

چکیده

روش­های تجربی و نظری (بیلان انرژی) به­طور گسترده برای محاسبه شاخص تنش آبی گیاه (CWSI) و برنامه‌ریزی آبیاری مورد استفاده قرار می­گیرند تا وضعیت آب گیاه را توصیف کنند. برنامه‌ریزی آبیاری در تحقیق حاضر با استفاده از دستگاه مادون قرمز دستی و روش تجربی Idso et al. (1981) در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ارومیه برای ماش سیاه تحت رژیم‌های مختلف آبیاری با روش قطره‌ای در سال 1396 صورت گرفت. طرح آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه سطح آبیاری I1، I2 و I3 به ترتیب 50، 75 و 100 درصد نیاز آبی در سه تکرار اجرا گردید. با استفاده از معادلات خطوط مبنای به­دست آمده برای هر تیمار، مقادیر میانگین CWSI در طول فصل رشد ماش سیاه برای تیمارهای I1، I2 و I3 به ترتیب 37/0، 23/0 و 15/0 محاسبه گردید. رابطه بین CWSI و عمق کل آبیاری (میلی­متر) به صورت CWSI = -0.0008(I) + 0.58 و رابطه بین عملکرد دانه (تن بر هکتار) ماش سیاه و CWSI نیز به صورت Yield = -1.8237(CWSI) + 2.1435 تعیین گردید که مقادیر ضریب تبیین (R2) روابط به ترتیب 98/0 و 99/0 به­دست آمد که دقت بالای مدل­های رگرسیونی را نشان می­دهد. به طور کلی، اگر مقدار آب با اعمال تنش در طول دوره رشد گیاه کاهش پیدا کند، مقدار CWSI افزایش می­یابد و در نتیجه با افزایش CWSI، مقدار عملکرد دانه محصول کاهش می­یابد. در نهایت تیمار بدون تنش (I3) با 15/0CWSI= اساس برنامه‌ریزی آبیاری قرار گرفت و سپس روابطی برای تعیین زمان آبیاری با استفاده از CWSI در اقلیم ارومیه برای چهار مرحله از رشد ماش سیاه شامل آغاز گلدهی-گلدهی، تشکیل نیام، پرشدن نیام و دانه و رسیدگی فیزیولوژیکی به ترتیب (AVPD)1579/0-9498/1=C(Ta-Tc)، (AVPD)1585/0-4395/4=C(Ta-Tc)، (AVPD)0578/0-4676/2=C(Ta-Tc) و (AVPD)1462/0-7532/5=C(Ta-Tc) ارائه گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Irrigation scheduling of Black Gram based on Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI) under drip irrigation

نویسندگان [English]

  • afshin khorsand 1
  • Vahid Rezaverdinejad 2
  • Hossein Asgarzadeh 3
  • Abolfazl Majnooni Heris 4
  • amir rahimi 5
  • Sina Besharat 6
1 Ph. D Candidate of Irrigation and Drainage, Department of Water Engineering, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Soil Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
4 Associate Professor, Department of Water Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
5 Assistant Professor, Department of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
6 Assistant Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
چکیده [English]

Empirical and theoretical methods (energy balance) are widely used to calculate the Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI) and irrigation scheduling to describe crop water status. In this study, irrigation scheduling was performed at the research farm of College of Agriculture, Urmia University, using a manual infrared thermometer and the empirical method of Idso et al. (1981) for the black gram under different irrigation regimes using drip irrigation in 2017. The experimental design was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three levels of irrigation I1, I2 and I3 which were 50, 75 and 100 percent water requirement in three replications, respectively. Using the baselines obtained for each treatment, the average CWSI values during the growth season of black gram for I1, I2 and I3 treatments were calculated to be 0.37, 0.23 and 0.15 respectively. The relationship between CWSI and total irrigation depth (mm) was determined as CWSI = -0.0008 (I) + 0.58, and the relationship between black gram grain yield (ton/hec) and CWSI was determined as Yield = -1.8237 (CWSI) + 2.1435 which their correlation coefficients (R2) were 0.98 and 0.99 respectively, which shows the high accuracy of regression models. In general, if the amount of water decreases with stress during the plant growth, the CWSI value increases, and as a result of increasing CWSI, the crop grain yield decreases. Finally, the no stress treatment (I3) with CWSI=0.15 was the basis for irrigation scheduling and then some relationships were established for determining the irrigation time using CWSI in Urmia climate for four stages of black gram growth; flowral induction-flowering, pod formation, seed and pod filling, and physiological maturity as
(Tc  ̶ Ta)C = 1.9498  ̶ 0.1579(AVPD), (Tc  ̶ Ta)C = 4.4395 ̶ 0.1585(AVPD), (Tc  ̶ Ta)C = 2.4676  ̶ 0.0578(AVPD) and (Tc  ̶ Ta)C = 5.7532  ̶  0.1462(AVPD), respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Air vapor pressure deficit
  • Canopy temperature
  • Grain yield
  • Urmia
  • water stress

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تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران
دوره 50، شماره 9
بهمن 1398
صفحه 2125-2138

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