تغییرات بیوژئوشیمیایی مس در ریزوسفر گیاهان غده ای کشت شده در یک خاک آهکی آلوده به مس

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 lمحقق دانشگاه بوکو -وین

2 دانشگاه تهران گروه مهندسی علوم خاک

3 دانشجوی دکتری دانشگاه بوکو اتریش

4 دانشگاه رفسنجان

5 دانش آموخته دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

فعالیت ریشه‌ها و فرآیند‌های ریزوسفری بر حلالیت و زیست‌فراهمی فلزات سنگین در ریزوسفر اثر گذاشته و نقش تعیین کننده‌ای بر سرنوشت عناصر شیمیایی در اکوسیستم‌های خاکی دارند. به منظور بررسی تغییرات بیوژئوشیمیایی مس در یک خاک آلوده به مس (5/85 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم)، یک آزمایش کشت گلدانی به مدت 45 روز با 3 رقم ترب (سفید، قرمز، سیاه) و 2 رقم شلغم (N-135,N-180) به‌صورت طرح پایه کاملاً تصادفی با چهار تکرار انجام شد. در خاتمه مقدار مس در شاخساره نمونه‌های گیاه اندازه‌گیری و همچنین شکل‌های شیمیایی مس در خاک‌های ریزوسفری و غیرریزوسفری پس از جداسازی و به روش‌های دنباله‌ای و تک‌مرحله‌ای با DTPA 005/0 مولار، NH4NO3 یک مولار و Ca(NO3)2 پنج میلی‌مولار اندازه‌گیری شد. غلظت مس در شاخساره ارقام مختلف بین 4/66 تا 4/78 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم متغیر بود. میزان مس تبادلی و محلول خاک ریزوسفری در ارقام مختلف دو گیاه افزایش معنی‌داری را نشان داد (p<0.05)، در حالی‌که بخش‌های کربناته و نیز مس همراه با مواد آلی کاهش معنی‌داری را داشت که نشان‌دهنده افزایش تحرک مس در ریزوسفر است. مقدار مس عصاره‌گیری شده با نیترات آمونیوم و نیترات کلسیم در ریزوسفر تمامی ارقام، افزایش معنی‌داری را در مقایسه با خاک غیرریزوسفری نشان داد (p<0.05). ارقام مختلف شلغم بر خلاف ارقام ترب افزایش معنی‌داری در pH خاک ریزوسفری ایجاد کردند (p<0.05) افزایش معنی‌دار در میزان کربن آلی محلول خاک ریزوسفری در مقایسه با خاک غیرریزوسفری در ارقام مختلف دو گیاه نیز مشاهده شد. علیرغم افزایش فراهمی مس در خاک ریزوسفرِی، مقدار جذب کل مس در کلیه ارقام ترب و شلغم کمتر از مقدار مس موجود در فاز تبادلی و محلول خاک غیرریزوسفری بود. نتایج بیانگر نقش احتمالی کربن آلی محلول در کاهش جذب مس می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Biogeochemical Changes of Copper in the Rhizosphere of Tuber Plants Cultivated in a Cu-Contaminated Calcareous Soil

نویسندگان [English]

  • Alireza Golestanifard 1
  • Hosein MirseyedHoseini 2
  • Amal Aryan 3
  • Peyman Abbaszadeh 4
  • Mahdi Tafvizi 5
1 Researcher at BOKU University, Austria
2 University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran
3 BOKO University, Austria
4 Rafsanjan University
5 University of Tehran
چکیده [English]

A pot experiment with three radish cultivars and two turnip cultivars was done in order to investigate the biogeochemical changes of copper in a Cu-contaminated soil. There was no significant difference in shoot Cu concentration and it ranged between 66.4 and 78.4 mg kg-1. The exchangeable and soluble Cu fraction in rhizosphere soil showed a significant increase whereas carbonate and organic bounded Cu had significant decrease. Extracted Cu with NH4NO3 and Ca(NO3)2 in the rhizosphere of cultivars in comparison with bulk soil indicated a significant increment but DTPA extractable Cu enhancement wasn’t significant in radish 24 and 129 cultivars. Although turnip cultivars created a significant raise in pH, however no significant changes were observed in radish rhizosphere pH in comparison with bulk soil. All cultivars significantly boost dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in rhizosphere soil compared to non rhizosphere soil. In spite of increasing of Cu availability in the rhizosphere, Cu uptake in all cultivars was much lower than exchangeable Cu in non rhizosphere soil. There were negative correlation between DOC with Cu concentration and uptake and total Cu concentration and uptake, and correlation with total Cu concentration
(r= -0.59**) and uptake (r= -0.48*) was significant. These results indicated the role of DOC in decreasing of Cu uptake. NH4NO3 and Ca(NO3)2 extractable Cu denoted a positive and significant correlation (r= 0.59**) with total Cu concentration and with total plant Cu uptake (r= 0.54**).

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Bioavailability
  • Biogeochemical processes
  • Copper
  • Rhizosphere and Sequential extraction
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