تاثیر نوع زیتوده و دمای گرماکافت بر برخی ویژگی‌های شیمیایی و فیزیکی زغال‌ زیستی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد شیمی و حاصلخیزی خاک، گروه خاکشناسی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، ایران.

2 دانشیار گروه خاکشناسی دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

3 استادیار گروه خاکشناسی دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

4 استادیار گروه خاکشناسی دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، ایران.

چکیده

فرآوری پسماندهای آلی و بازگشت آنها به خاک، کمک شایانی به کشاورزی پایدار می­نماید. زغال زیستی (Biochar) حاصل از فرایند گرماکافت (Pyrolysis) پسماندهای آلی است. ویژگی­های شیمیایی و فیزیکی زغال زیستی به‌طور معنی‌داری متأثر از ویژگی­های زیتوده اولیه و نیز دمای فرایند گرماکافت می‌باشد. لذا این پژوهش جهت ارزیابی ویژگی‌های شیمیایی و فیزیکی زغال زیستی حاصل از باگاس نیشکر، کاه برنج، خاک اره و برگ درخت کنوکارپوس که در دمای گرماکافت 400، 700 و 900 درجه سانتی‌گراد فراوری شدند، اجرا شد. تیمارها در آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی و در سه تکرار اعمال شدند. نتایج نشان داد که در هر دو گروه، تیمارها به‌طور جداگانه و نیز اثر متقابل آنها بر میزان ­pH، هدایت الکتریکی، ظرفیت تبادل کاتیونی، سطح ویژه، نسبت C/N‌، غلظت کل عناصر غذایی، کاتیون­های ریز­مغذی و نیز سرب در زغال­های زیستی، تاثیر متفاوت و معنی­داری داشتند. افزایش دمای گرماکافت از 400 به 900 درجه سانتی­گراد سبب کاهش ظرفیت تبادل کاتیونی زغال زیستی حاصل از باگاس نیشکر، کاه برنج، خاک اره و برگ کنوکارپوس به ترتیب به میزان 3/153، 1/241، 9/283 و 2/21 سانتی­مول بر کیلو­گرم شد. ولی افزایش دمای گرماکافت از 400 به 900 درجه سانتی­گراد موجب افزایش سطح ویژه زغال زیستی باگاس نیشکر، کاه برنج، خاک اره و برگ کنوکارپوس به ترتیب به میزان 3/153، 1/241، 9/283 و 2/21 متر­مربع ­بر‌گرم شد. با توجه به نتایج بدست آمده می­توان کاربرد زغال­های زیستی تولیدشده در دمای 400 درجه سانتی­گراد را به ترتیب اولویت زغال­ زیستی حاصل از برگ کنوکارپوس، کاه برنج، باگاس نیشکر و خاک اره برای افزایش ظرفیت تبادل کاتیونی و بهبود ذخیره عناصر غذایی قابل دسترس پیشنهاد کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of different feedstock and pyrolysis temperature on some chemical and physical properties of biochar

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mina alipour babadi 1
  • abdolamir Moezzi 2
  • Mojtaba Norouzi Masir 3
  • Ataallah Khademalrasoul 4
1 M.Sc. Student of Chemistry and soil fertility, Soil Science Department, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran
2 Associate Professor of Soil Science Department, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor of Soil Science Department, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran
4 Assistant Professor of Soil Science Department, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Organic residues processing and their reversion to soil is helpful to build up a sustainable agriculture. Biochar is product of organic residue pyrolysis. Biochar chemical and physical characteristics are significantly affected by pyrolysis temperatures and its feedstocks. Therefore an experiment was conducted to evalute some properties of biochar produced from four feedstocks viz: sugarcane bagasse, rice straw, wood sawdust and conocarpus leaves, which processed by three pyrolysis temperatures vis: 400, 700 and 900°‌C .The treatments replecated three time and laid out in a factorial experiment with the completely randomized design. Results showed that each group of treatments separatelye as well as their interaction had significantly different effect on biochar pH, EC,‌ CEC, specific surface area, C/N ratio and total element concentration as well as pb and cationic micro‌nutrients availability. Increasing the pyrolysis temperature from 400 to 900°‌C, decreased CEC in biochar drived from rice straw, conocarpus leaves, sugarcane bagasse and wood sawdust by 73/9, 37/7, 36/0 and 21/9 cmol+/kg, respectively. But increasing temperature from 400 to 900°‌C, improved specific surface area of bagasse, rice straw, sawdust and conocarpus leaves biochar by 153/3, 241/1, 283/9 and 21/2 m2/g, respectively. It is suggested that at pyrolysis temperatures of 400°‌C with prioritize of biochar derived from conocarpus leaves, 2- rice straw, 3- sugarcane bagasse and 4- wood sawdust can be used to improve cation exchange capacity as well as improving available nutrients reservoir.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biochar
  • Chemical Properties
  • Feedstock
  • Pyrolysis temperature

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تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران
دوره 49، شماره 3
مرداد و شهریور
مرداد و شهریور 1397
صفحه 537-547

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