اثر کم آبیاری با فاضلاب تصفیه شده شهری بر عملکرد ذرت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجو، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران

2 استاد، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

بحران آب یکی از مسائل اساسی در مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک مانند ایران است. بنابراین استفاده از منابع آب نامتعارف، در جایی که آب با کیفیت مناسب در دسترس نیست، رو به فزونی است. ﻳﻜـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ، فاضلاب تصفیه شده شهری ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﺁﺏ می­تواند ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻲ گیاه را نیز تأمین کند. این پژوهش با استفاده از طرح فاکتوریل در قالب طرح آماری کاملاً تصادفی بر روی گیاه ذرت با دو تیمار نوع آب آبیاری (فاضلاب تصفیه شده شهری و آب معمولی) و چهار سطح مقدار آب آبیاری شامل آبیاری کامل و کم­آبیاری 80، 60 و 40% نیاز آبی گیاه و در سه تکرار انجام شد. نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که آبیاری با فاضلاب تصفیه شده شهری و آب معمولی تأثیر معنی­دار بر وزن تر و خشک کل اندام هوایی محصول، وزن بلال، وزن تر و خشک ریشه، ارتفاع و قطر گیاه داشت، یعنی میزان رشد گیاه کاملاً وابسته به نوع آب برای آبیاری و احتمالاً حضور مواد مغذی و آلی در پساب است. نتایج به‌دست‌آمده نشان داد آبیاری با فاضلاب تصفیه شده شهری سبب افزایش وزن تر و خشک اندام هوایی و ریشه گیاه نسبت به آب معمولی شد. هم­چنین با کاهش مقدار آب آبیاری وزن تر و خشک اندام هوایی و ریشه کاهش پیدا کرد ولی در مقایسه با آب معمولی این کاهش کمتر بوده است. وزن تر و خشک اندام­هوایی ذرت آبیاری شده تحت تیمار 100% فاضلاب تصفیه شده شهری به ترتیب با 3/874 و 306 گرم بیشترین میزان بود و نسبت به تیمار 40% آب معمولی به ترتیب 5/45 و 2/59% افزایش را نشان داد. بنابراین کم­آبیاری با فاضلاب نسبت به کم­آبیاری با آب معمولی سبب افزایش معنی­دار عملکرد این محصول شد. استفاده از منابع فاضلاب در کنار پایش دائمی کیفیت آن­ها توصیه می­شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of deficit irrigation with treated wastewater on corn yield

نویسندگان [English]

  • reyhaneh zare 1
  • Teymour Sohrabi 2
  • Babak Motesharezadeh 2
1 University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran
2 University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran
چکیده [English]

The water crisis is one of the fundamental issues in arid and semi arid regions like Iran. Therefore, the use of unconventional water resources, where good quality water is not available, is increasing. One of these resources is treated wastewater which in addition to the water supply can also provide some of plants nutritional requirements. The statistical design used for this study was a factorial design experiment based on a completely randomized factorial design having two types of irrigation water with four levels of plant water stress: absence of plant water stress (control), low stressed (80%), moderately stressed (60%), and severely stressed (40%) with three replications. Analysis of variance showed that irrigation with treated wastewater and normal water affects shoot wet and dry weights of crop, ear weight, root wet and dry weights and plant height and diameter. In other words, plant growth depends totally on the type of water for irrigation and possibly on presence of nutrients and organic matter in the wastewater. Results showed that irrigation with treated wastewater increased wet and dry weights of shoots and roots of corn. With exerting more water stress, wet and dry weights of shoot and root were reduced, however, this reduction in treated wastewater was lower when compared to normal water. Shoot wet and dry weights related to treated wastewater without stress (100%) had the highest values 874/3 and 306 respectively which show an increase of about 45.5 and 59.2%, respectively when compared to normal water under severely stressed condition (40%). Therefore, deficit irrigation with treated wastewater significantly increased the yield of corn rather than deficit irrigation with normal water.The use of treated sewage along with a permanent water quality monitoring network is recommended.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Corn
  • Wastewater
  • Stem diameter
  • Yield

مراجع

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تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران
دوره 49، شماره 3
مرداد و شهریور
مرداد و شهریور 1397
صفحه 505-514

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