عکس العمل نهال زیتون (Olea europaea L.) به تنش توام شوری و تراکم خاک در شرایط کمبود اکسیژن خاک

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه زنجان

2 عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه زنجان

3 عضو هیئت علمی، بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان زنجان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، زنجان، ایران

4 عضو هیئت علمی، بخش تحقیقات اصلاح بذر و نهال، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان زنجان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، زنجان، ایران

5 عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه تبریز

چکیده

پاسخ نهال­های زیتون رقم زرد به شوری آب آبیاری و تراکم خاک در رطوبت 9/0 اشباع، مطالعه گردید. خاکی با بافت لومی­شنی پس از عبور از الک 75/4 میلی­متری به نحوی داخل استوانه­هایی از جنس پی­وی­سی ریخته شد که سطوح مختلف تراکم (جرم مخصوص ظاهری 3/1، 5/1 و 7/1 گرم بر سانتی­متر مکعب) در آن­ها ایجاد گردد. نهال­های زیتون به استوانه­ها انتقال داده شدند و با آب­هایی با شوری 2، 5، 8 و 12 دسی­زیمنس بر متر به مدت پنج ماه آبیاری شدند. کارآیی لحظه­ای مصرف آب، نشت یونی، شاخص سبزینگی و تعداد برگ تا شوری 8 و فاکتورهای فتوسنتز، هدایت روزنه­ای، تعرق و اختلاف دمای برگ با محیط تا شوری آب 5 دسی­زیمنس بر متر تفاوت آماری معنی­دار نداشتند. کمبود اکسیژن خاک موجب کاهش توانایی مکانیسم­های تحمل به شوری شد. در خاک با بافت شن لومی، جرم مخصوص ظاهری 3/1 گرم بر سانتی­متر مکعب مناسب رشد نهال­های زیتون بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Response of Olive (Olea europaea L.) self-rooted cuttings to joint salinity and soil compaction stresses in soil hypoxia conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Tooradj Khoshzaman 1
  • Ahmad Golchin 2
  • Mehdi Taheri 3
  • Mahmoud Azimi 4
  • Davoud Zarehaghi 5
1 University of Zanjan
2 Professor of Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, IRAN.
3 Assistant Professor of Soil and Water Research Department, Zanjan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Zanjan, IRAN.
4 Research Staff of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Zanjan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Zanjan, Iran
5 Assistant Professor of Soil Science Department, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, IRAN.
چکیده [English]

Responses of Olive self-rooted cuttings to irrigation water salinity and soil compaction in moisture of 0.9 saturation were studied. A loamy sand soil passed through a 4.75mm sieve, poured into PVC cylinders and compacted to achieve the desired compaction levels (bulk density of 1.3, 1.5 and 1.7 g cm-3). Then rooted olive cuttings were transplanted into the cylinders and were irrigated by waters with different salinities of 2, 5, 8 and 12 dS‌‌ m-1 for five months. Instantaneous water use efficiency, electrolyte leakage, SPAD index and number of leaves to salinity of 8, and parameters of photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, temperature difference between leaf and environment to salinity of 5 dS m-1 had no statistically meaningfull differences. Soil hypoxia decreases salinity tolerance mechanisms. With respect to olive plant growth, the bulk density of 1.3 g cm-3 was determined the optimum level of soil compaction for a loamy sand soil.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • chlorophyll content
  • Instantaneous Water Use Efficiency
  • Leaf Temperature and Olive
  • photosynthesis
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