تأثیر انواع خاک‌ورزی و گیاه پوششی بر پایداری خاک‌دانه‌ها، مقاومت کششی خاک‌دانه‌ها و مقاومت فروروی یک خاک لوم سیلتی در همدان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه بوعلی سینا-همدان

2 دانشگاه بو علی سینا همدان

چکیده

عملیات مدیریتی خاک تأثیر متفاوتی بر مقاومت در مکش‌های مختلف دارند که به‌ندرت مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. در این مطالعه تأثیر توأم عوامل خاک­ورزی و گیاه پوششی بر پایداری خاکدانه‌ها، مقاومت کششی خاکدانه‌ها و مقاومت فروروی خاک در مکش­های متفاوت بررسی شد. اثر عامل خاک­ورزی در سه سطح شخم با گاوآهن برگردان، چیزل و بدون خاک­ورزی و عامل گیاه پوششی در سه سطح ماشک، خلر و بدون گیاه پوششی با آزمون فاکتوریل در سه تکرار اعمال شد. پایداری خاکدانه‌ها با روش الک تر، مقاومت کششی خاکدانه‌ها با روش غیرمستقیم دکستر و کروسبرگن و مقاومت فروروی خاک با دستگاه فروسنج ریز اندازه­گیری شدند. عملیات مدیریتی خاک در مکش 30 کیلوپاسکال بیش­ترین تأثیر را بر خصوصیات مقاومتی خاک نشان داد. عامل بدون خاک­ورزی به علت کاهش شدت خاک­ورزی و دست­نخورده بودن خاک باعث کاهش مقاومت کششی شد. تیمار خاک­ورزی حفاظتی-خلر باعث افزایش پایداری خاکدانه‌ها در فصل بهار به مقدار 155 درصد نسبت به تیمار بدون خاک­ورزی-بدون گیاه پوششی شد. همچنین تیمار مذکور باعث افزایش مقاومت کششی خاکدانه‌ها در فصل پاییز در دامنه 7 تا 45 درصد نسبت به سایر تیمارها شد. تیمار خاک­ورزی حفاظتی-بدون گیاه پوششی در غالب مکش­ها باعث کاهش مقاومت فروروی نسبت به غالب تیمارها در دامنه 5/4 تا 99 درصد شد. احتمالاً علت آن شخم سطحی خاک و کاهش تردد ماشین‌آلات کشاورزی بود. بنابراین کاربرد گیاه پوششی خلر با خاک‌ورزی حفاظتی در زمین‌های زراعی توصیه می­شود. نتایج مطالعه مقاومت خاکدانه‌ها با انجام تحقیقات بیشتر، می‌تواند در تعیین زمان بهینه انجام عملیات خاک‌ورزی از نظر رطوبتی استفاده شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of different tillage systems and cover crop on aggregate stability, aggregate tensile strength and penetration resistance of a silt loam soil in Hamedan

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zeinab Zangeneh 1
  • Hosein Bayat 2
  • Farhad Bayazidi 1
  • Javad Hamzei 1
1 Bu-ali Sina University of Hamedan
2 Bu ali Sina University of Hamedan
چکیده [English]

Soil management practices have different impacts on the values of soil resistance at different suctions, which have been rarely evaluated. In this study, the combined effects of tillage and cover crop factors on the aggregate stability, tensile strength of aggregates and soil penetration resistance at different suctions were evaluated. The tillage factor in three methods including moldboard plow, chisel plow and no-tillage, and cover crop factor in three types including Vetch, Lathyrus and no cover crop at the factorial design with three replications was applied. The aggregate stability was measured using wet-sieving method. The tensile strength of aggregates and the penetration resistance of the undisturbed samples were determined by Dexter and Kroesbergen indirect method and a micro penetrometer, respectively. Soil management practices had the highest impact on the resistance characteristics at 30 kPa matric suction. No tillage treatment reduced the tensile strength due to the reduced tillage intensity and the intact soil. The conservation tillage with Lathyrus cover crop increased the stability of aggregates by 155 percent in comparison with the no tillage-no cover crop in the spring season. Also, conservation tillage with Lathyrus treatment increased the tensile strength of aggregates by 7-45 percent compared with other treatments in the autumn season. The conservation tillage without cover crop reduced the penetration resistance in comparison with most treatments by 4.5-99 percent at most matric suctions due to the reduced plowing and the decreased agricultural machinery traffic. Therefore, this study recommends using Lathyrus cover crop with conservation tillage in agricultural fields. The results of studying the aggregates’ strength with further research, could be used to determine the optimum time of agricultural operations.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Compression
  • Conventional tillage
  • conservation tillage
  • Vetch
  • Lathyrus
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