تولید رواناب در خاک‌های آلوده به نفت سفید و گازوییل

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری گروه خاک ‏شناسی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

2 استاد گروه خاک‏ شناسی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

3 استاد گروه مهندسی آبخیزداری دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

چکیده

ارزیابی کمّی تأثیر خاک‏های آلوده به مشتقات نفتی بر ویژگی‏های فیزیکی خاک برای مدیریت بهینة منابع آب و خاک ضروری است. هدف این پژوهش بررسی تولید رواناب در خاک‏های آلوده به نفت سفید و گازوییل بود. بدین منظور متغیرهای زمان آغاز رواناب، ضریب رواناب، تغییرات رواناب نسبت به زمان، و رواناب تجمعی برای خاک‏های آلوده به نفت سفید و گازوییل با دو غلظت مختلف تعیین شدند. نتایج نشان داد وجود ترکیبات نفتی در خاک، باعث کاهشی معنادار در زمان آغاز رواناب نسبت به خاک شاهد می‏شود؛ به ‏طوری ‏که زمان آغاز رواناب از کرت شاهد نسبت به کرت آلوده به گازوییل تأخیر زمانی حدود 128 ثانیه را نشان داد. بیشترین ضریب رواناب در تیمارهای آلوده با غلظت بیشتر به‏ دست آمد که باعث افزایش حدود سه تا سه و نیم برابر ضریب رواناب نسبت به کرت شاهد شدند. ارزیابی رواناب در گام‏های زمانی مشترک نشان داد رواناب تولیدشده فقط در تیمارهای گازوییل با غلظت کمتر نسبت به تیمارهای نفت سفید با غلظت مشابه افزایش معنادار دارد؛ حال آنکه در غلظت بیشتر تفاوتی معنا‏دار بین این دو تیمار مشاهده نشد. نتایج حاکی از افزایش معنا‏دار رواناب تجمعی تولیدشده در همة کرت‏های آلوده در مقایسه با کرت غیر آلوده بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Runoff Generation in Kerosene and Gas Oil Contaminated Soils

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sima Mohammadi 1
  • Mehdi Homaee 2
  • Seyed Hamid Reza Sadeghi 3
1 Ph.D. Student, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University
2 Professor; Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University
3 Professor, Department of Watershed Management Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University
چکیده [English]

A quantitative evaluation of the effects of contamination of soil with petroleum, on the
soil physical properties, is required for optimal soil and water resources management. The
objective followed in the present study was to investigate runoff generation in soils
contaminated with Kerosene and Gas Oil. Towards this end, variables of runoff
commencement, runoff coefficient, variations in runoff duration time as well as
cumulative runoff were determined for the contaminated soils. The experimental
treatments consisted of two concenterations of Kerosene and Gas Oil.. The results
indicated that Kerosene and Gas Oil contaminated soil plots significantly influenced the
commencement of runoff, so that, the runoff commencement for non-contaminated plots
occurred 128 seconds later than that for the contaminated plots. However, different types
of petroleum of the same quantities did not significantly influence the runoff
commencement. In addition, a maximum runoff coefficient was obtained for higher
concentrations of contaminants. The results further indicated that the runoff coefficient in
contaminated plots was about 3 to 3.5 times that of non-contaminated plots. The
contaminated soil plots exerted a significant influence on an increasing of the cumulative
runoff in comparison with the non-contaminated plots.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Hydrophobicity
  • Infiltration
  • Petroleum compounds
  • Rainfall
  • Soil and water contamination
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