بررسی پویایی اجزای فیزیکی کربن آلی خاک‌دانه‌های پایدار در انواع مختلف کاربری اراضی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیئت علمی پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هسته‌ای

2 عضو هیئت علمی گروه مهندسی علوم خاک دانشگاه تهران

3 پژوهشگر پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هسته‌ای

4 پژوهشگر پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هسته ای

چکیده

در این تحقیق افق‌های مشابه (A، AB، B1) از کاربری‏های جنگل پهن‏برگ، جنگل سوزنی‏برگ، و مرتع انتخاب و درصد خاک‌دانه ‏های پایدار در آب آن‌ها تعیین شد. در هر یک از کلاس‏های خاک‌دانه ‏های پایدار افق A، مقادیر قطعات مواد آلی آزاد، بخش درون‏ خاک‌دانه ‏ای، و کمپلکس‏های رس+سیلت بر حسب چگالی و اندازه تعیین و مقدار کربن و نیتروژن آن‌ها با دستگاه تجزیة عنصری CHN اندازه‏گیری شد. در هر نوع کاربری غالباً با کاهش اندازة خاک‌دانه درصد خاک‌دانه‏های پایدار و مقدار کربن آلی آن‌ها افزایش یافته است. با مطالعة پایداری خاک‌دانه ‏ها در آب مشخص شد خاک‌دانه ‏های بزرگ‌تر از 2 میلی‏متر به تغییر کاربری جنگل حساسیت بیشتری نشان می‌دهند. از سویی دیگر، بخش‏های F-LF، F-POM، و IA-POM در مقایسه با سایر اجزای کربن شاخص‏های حساس‏تری به تغییر کاربری تشخیص داده شدند. ترتیب تجزیه‏پذیری اجزا از توالی F-LF>F-POM>IA-POM>IA-S+C تبعیت می‌کند که نقش مهم خاک‌دانه‏ ها را در حفاظت از مواد آلی نشان می‏دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

An Assessment of the Dynamics of Physical Fractions of Organic Carbon in Water-Stable Aggregates within Different types of Land Uses

نویسندگان [English]

  • EBRAHIM MOGHISEH 1
  • AHMAD HEIDARI 2
  • MOHAMMAD GHANNADI 1
  • FEREYDOON SARMADIAN 2
  • NEJAT PIRVALI 1
  • MIRAHMAD MOOSAVI SHALMANI 3
  • SADOLLA TEIMOURI 3
  • ALI KHORASANI 4
1 Scientific memberof Nuclear Science an d Technology Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
2 Scientific member of Soil Science Department, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
3 Scientific member of Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
4 Scientific member of Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Throughout the present study, similar horizons (A, AB and B1) from deciduous forest, coniferous forest and rangeland types of land uses were selected, and the percentage of water stable aggregates in them measured. In each class of stable aggregate at the horizon A, free light fraction, free-particulate organic matter, intra-aggregate of particle organic mather (POM), and clay + silt complexes were separated through density and size method. Carbon and nitrogen percentages were measured by use of CHN elemental analyzer. Results of the study indicate that along with decrease in aggregate size, stable aggregate as well as organic carbon percentages were increased. It was also found that large macro aggregates (>2 mm) were more susceptible to the change to deciduous forest-land than the other aggregates. Based on organic matter fractionation techniques, free particulate organic matter and intra-aggregate particulate organic matter among other fractions, and even total organic carbon are critical and sensitive indicators of change into other types of land uses. The levels of nitrogen and C: N of organic matter fractionation were determined within the degradation order of F-LF> F-POM> IA-POM> IA-S+C, which revealed the main role of aggregates in conservation of organic matter.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Stable Aggregates
  • physical fractionation
  • Particulate Organic Matter (POM)
  • Intra-Aggregate Fraction
  • Land Use

مراجع

Abid, M. and Lal, R. (2008). Tillage and drainage impact on soil quality, I. Aggregate stability, carbon and nitrogen pools. Soil Tillage Research, 100, 89–98.
Avsat , M. (2010). Effects of land use change on variation of soil organic carbon in Karaj region. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Tehran. 210 p. (in Persian).
Baldock, J. A. and Skjemstad, J. O. (2000). Role of the soil matrix and minerals in protecting natural organic materials against biological attack. Organic Geochemistry, 31, 697-710.
Beheshti, A. Raiesi, F., and Golchin, A. (2012). Soil properties, C fractions and their dynamics in land use conversion from native forests to croplands in northern Iran. Agriculture, Ecosystem and Environment, 148, 121–133.
Bossuyt, H., Six, J., and Paul, F. (2002). Aggregate-protected carbon in no-tillage and conventional tillage agro ecosystems using carbon-14 labeled plant residue. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 66, 1965–1973.
Bronick, C. J. and Lal, R. (2005). Soil structure and management: a review. Geoderma, 124, 3 –22.
Connant, R. T., Six, J., and Paustein, K. (2004). Land use effects on soil carbon fractions in the southeastern United States. II. Changes in soil carbon fractions along a forest o pasture chronosequence aggregate structure and carbon storage in Panama: evidence from soil carbon fractionation and stable isotopes. Biology & Fertility of Soils, 40, 194-200.
Emadi, M., Baghernejad, M., Fathi, H., and Saffari, M. (2008). Effects of land use change on selected soil physical and chemical properties in North Highlands of Iran. Journal of Applied Science, 8(3), 496-502.
Fallahzade, J. and Hajabbasi, M. A. (2011). Soil organic matter status changes with cultivation of overgrazed pasture in semi-dry West Central Iran. International Journal of Soil Science, 6(2), 114-123
Golchin, A., Oades, J. M., Skjemstad, J. O., and Clarke, P. (1994). Study of free and occluded particulate organic matter in soils by solid state 13C P/MAS NMR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Australian Journal of Soil Science, 32, 285–309.
Golchin, A., Oades, J. M., Skjemstad, J. O., and Clarke, P. (1995). Structural and dynamic properties of soil organic matter as reflected 13C natural abundance, pyrolysis mass spectrometry and solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy in density fractions of an Oxisol under forest and pasture. Australian Journal of Soil Science, 33, 59–76.
Gregorich, E. G. and Beare, M. H. (2008). Physically uncomplexed Organic Matter. In: Carter  M.R., and Gregorich E.G., (eds). Soil Sampling and Methods of Analysis, Canadian Society of Soil Science Second Edition, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. Chapter 47.
Gregorich, E. G., Beare, M. H., McKim, U. F., and Skjemstad, J. O. (2006). Chemical and biological characteristics of physically uncomplexed organic matter. Soil Science Society American Journal, 70, 975–985.
Hajabbasi, M. A., Jalalian, A., and Karimzadeh, H. R. (1997). Deforestation effects on soil physical and chemical properties, Lordegan, Iran. Plant and Soil, 190, 301-308.
Holeplass, H., Singh, B. R., and Lal, R. (2004). Carbon sequestration in soil aggregates under different crop rotations and nitrogen fertilization in an Inceptisols in southeastern Norway. Nutrient Cycle Agro ecosystems, 70, 167–177.
Huisz, A., Tóth, T., and Németh, T. (2009). Water-stable aggregation in relation to the normalized stability index. Communication of Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 40, 800–814.
John, B., Yamashit, T., Ludwig, B., and Flessa, H. (2005). Storage of organic carbon in aggregate and density fractions of silty soils under different types of land use. Geoderma, 128, 63–79.
Kemper, W. D. and Rosenau, R. C. (1986). Aggregate stability and size distribution. In: Klute A, editor. Methods of soil analysis. Part 1. Physical and mineralogical methods. Madison, WI. 1986: 425-442.
Khormali, F., Ajami, M., Ayoubi, S., Srinivasarao, C. H., and Wani, S. P. (2009). Role of deforestation and hillslope position on soil quality attributes of loess-derived soils in Golestan province, Iran. Agriculture, Ecosystems Environment, 134, 178-189.
Lee, S. B., Lee, C. H., Jung, K. Y., Park, K. D., Lee, D., Carolina, P. K., Lisboa, R., Conant, T., Haddix, M. L., Eduardo, C., Cerri, P., and Cerri, C. C. (2009). Soil carbon turnover measurement by physical fractionation at a forest-to-pasture chronosequence in the Brazilian Amazon. Ecosystems, 12, 1212–1221.
Liao, J. D., Boutton, T. W., and Jastrow, J. D. (2006). Storage and dynamics of carbon and nitrogen in soil physical fractions following woody plant invasion of grassland. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 38, 3184–3196.
Lisboa , C. C., Conant, R. T., Haddix, M. L., Cerri, C. E. P., and Cerri, C. C. (2009). Soil carbon turnover measurement by physical fractionation at a forest-to-pasture chronosequence in the Brazilian Amazon. Ecosystems, 12, 1212–1221.
Marzaioli, F., Lubritto, C., Galdo, I. D., Onofrio, A., Cotrufo, M. F., and Terrasi, F. (2010). Comparison of different soil organic matter fractionation methodologies: Evidences from ultrasensitive 14C measurements. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B, 268, 1062-1066.
Moghiseh, E. (2012). Assessing the effects of changes in forest land-use on soil carbon dynamics and isotopic changes (Kelardasht, Mazandaran province). Ph.D Thesis, University of Tehran. 283 p. (in Persian).
Moghiseh, E., Heidari, A., Ghannadi, M., Tofighi, H., Sarmadian. F., Karimian Eghbal, M. (2012). Effects of forestland change on physico-chemical properties, SOC storage and soil respiration in Kelardasht area. Journal of Iran Research Water and Soil. 43 (1): 37-46 (in Persian).
Moghiseh, E., Heidari, A., and Ghannadi, M. (2013). Impacts of land use on variations of soil 14C-age and determination of organic matter quality by FTIR spectrometry. Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology. (accepted and in Press). 
Nieder, R., and Benbi, D. K. (2008). Carbon and nitrogen in the terrestrial environment, Springer Science & Business Media B.V. 434 pp.
Oades, J. M. (1948). Soil organic matter and structural stability: mechanisms and implications for management. Plant Soil. 76: 319–337.
Olk, D. C. and Gregorich, G. E. (2006). Overview of the symposium proceedings, meaningful pools in determining soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics. Soil Science Society American Journal, 70, 967–974.
Poirier, N., Sohi, S. P., Gaunt, J. L., Mahieu, N., Randall, E. W., Powlson, D. S., and Evershed, R. P. (2005). The chemical composition of measurable soil organic matter pools. Organic Geochemistry, 36:1174–1189.
Rumpel , C., Kögel-Knabner, I., and Bruhn, F. (2002). Vertical distribution, age, and chemical composition of organic carbon in two forest soils of different pedogenesis. Organic Geochemistry, 33, 1131–1142.
Six, J., Callewaert, P., Lenders, S., De Gryze, S., Morris, S. J., Gregorich, E. G., and Paul, E. A. (2002). Measuring and understanding carbon storage in afforested soils by physical fractionation. Soil Science Society American Journal, 66, 1981–1987.
Tan, Z., Lal, R., Owens, L., and Izaurralde, R. C. (2007). Distribution of light and heavy fractions of soil organic carbon as related to land use and tillage practice. Soil & Tillage Research, 92, 53–59.
Tisdall, J. M. and Oades, J. M. (1982). Organic matter and water-stable aggregates in soils. Journal of Soil Science. 33, 141–163.
Tobiašová, E. (2011). The effect of organic matter on the structure of soils of different land uses Soil & Tillage Research, 89, 45–56.
Torn, M. S., Swanston, C. W., Castanha, C., and Trumbore, S. E. (2009). Storage and turnover of organic matter in soil in soil. In: N., Sensei, B., Xing, P.M., Huang. Biophysico-chemical processes involving natural nonliving organic matter in environmental systems.  John Wiley & Sons Inc. Chapter 6.
Ussiri, D., Lal, R., and Jacinthe, P. A. (2006). Soil properties and carbon sequestration of afforested pastures in reclaimed, mine-soils of Ohio. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 70, 1797–1806.
Von Lützow, M., Kögel-Knabner, I., Ludwig, B., Matzner, E., Flessa, H., Ekschmitt, K., Guggenberger, G., Marschner, B., and Kalbitz, K. (2008). Stabilization mechanisms of organic matter in four temperate soils: development and application of a conceptual model. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 171, 111-124.
Wagai, R., Mayer, L. M., and Kitatama, K. (2009). Nature of the “occluded” low-density fraction in soil organic matter studies: A critical review. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 55, 13–25
Zinn, Y. L., Lal, R., Bigham, J. M., and Resck, D. V. S. (2007). Edaphic controls on soil organic carbon retention in the Brazilian Cerrado: soil structure, Soil Science Society of American Journal, 71, 1215-1224.

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار