نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 گروه آبیاری و آبادانی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، تهران
2 گروه مهندسی آبیاری و آبادانی، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران.
3 گروه پژوهش مهندسی کشاورزی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران.
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
As freshwater resources face increasing pressure worldwide, the significance of utilizing drainage water (DW) has gained prominence, particularly in arid regions such as Khuzestan province, Iran, where water scarcity and excessive agricultural DW disposal present critical challenges. Drainage water recycling (DWR), involving the capture and storage of DW for supplemental irrigation, has emerged as a promising strategy to simultaneously enhance agricultural productivity and mitigate environmental impacts. This theoretical study assessed the potential effects of DWR on sugarcane yield in Amirkabir Agro-industry and aimed to determine the desire proportion of reusable DW that maximizes both economic and environmental benefits. To achieve this, a novel index, the Comprehensive Profitability of Consumed Water (CPCW), was introduced to integrate key factors such as crop yield, opportunity costs, disposal expenses, and environmental implications. Results indicated that recycling 23% of DW led to a 19% reduction in sugarcane yield due to a 45% increase in irrigation water salinity, yielding the highest CPCW index. The associated water savings contributed to increased opportunity costs, enabling supplemental irrigation for 25917 hectares of date orchards or 77840 hectares of wheat fields. To better align with farmers' priorities, an alternative scenario with a 15% yield reduction was examined, corresponding to a 20% DW recycling rate. This approach facilitated the reuse of 323 Mm³ of DW while conserving 666 Mm³ of water from the Karun River. Overall, the proposed DWR strategy demonstrated substantial effectiveness in alleviating the environmental burden of DW disposal while optimizing resource use in water-scarce regions.
کلیدواژهها [English]
Water scarcity is a major challenge in arid and semi-arid regions, exacerbated by population growth, climate change, and heavy reliance on freshwater for agriculture. In Iran, this crisis has led to a reduction in renewable water resources, over-extraction of groundwater, and environmental impacts. Drainage is a common agricultural practice that improves root ventilation and crop productivity but can also lead to water quality degradation through nutrient and chemical runoff. To mitigate these effects, protective practices such as Drainage Water Recycling (DWR) systems are recommended. Khuzestan, a key agricultural region in Iran, faces severe challenges in drainage and water scarcity. The discharge of drainage water from sugarcane fields has caused environmental and political issues. DWR systems can help by collecting and reusing drainage water for supplemental irrigation. These technologies not only preserve water resources but also enhance drainage infrastructure performance and agricultural resilience.Top of Form
This study pursues three main objectives: (1) to predict the impact of using stored drainage water in DWR ponds on sugarcane performance through empirical equations, and to determine an optimal ratio of recycled drainage water to meet the crop's water requirements, (2) to propose a comprehensive index that considers all aspects of the DWR system's effects, including economic and environmental factors, in the decision-making process. This study can serve as a foundation for future research on sustainable agriculture and the use of drainage water in arid and semi-arid regions.
The theoretical study was conducted to investigating the implications of the DWR system at privately Amirkabir agro-industry farm. This agro-industry spans 12000 ha, comprising 480 plots. It is situated approximately 45 km south of Ahvaz City and west of the Karun River. The salinity levels considered for irrigation and drainage water in this study were 2.5 and 6 ds m-1, respectively. The blending scheme was employed for the reuse of drainage water due to its higher salinity level of 6 ds m-1 compared to the sugarcane salinity threshold of 1.7 ds m-1. The salinity of the irrigation water after blending with different recycled scenarios, namely I1(10%), I2 (20%), I3 (30%), I4 (40%), I5 (50%), and I6 (60%), was computed. The comprehensive profitability of consumed water was developed using the benefit-cost ratio, offering an in-depth assessment that takes into account all aspects of the drainage water recycling system. This all-inclusive index was employed to incorporate various critical attributes of DWR system, in terms of crop yield, cost opportunity, disposal cost, and environmental impacts. This index, along with the yield of the studied crops under different scenarios, was calculated to identify the desire scenario.
The study revealed that an optimal ratio of 23% for recycled drainage water resulted in a 19% decrease in sugarcane yield, which was associated with a 45% increase in irrigation water salinity, leading to the highest CPCW index. The calculated water savings could be used to supplement irrigation for downstream date orchards (25917 ha) or wheat fields (77840 ha), thus increasing alternate opportunity costs. Additionally, the reduction in drainage disposal costs played a key role in improving the CPCW index. To better align with farmers' priorities, a more moderate 15% decrease in crop yield was considered, leading to a 20% proportion of recycled DW. This approach recycled 323 Mm³ of drainage water and conserved a total of 666 Mm³ of water from the Karun River. In conclusion, the proposed DWR practice was highly effective in significantly mitigating the environmental impacts of DW disposal to downstream water bodies.
This study evaluates the potential benefits of a drainage water recycling system in arid regions, focusing on water conservation, water quality improvement, and economic advantages. A new index, the Comprehensive Profitability of Consumed Water (CPCW), was used to determine optimal recycling and blending percentages for irrigation. A 20% blending scenario resulted in a water saving of 67 Mm³ and recycling of 32 Mm³ in the Amirkabir agro-industry. The practice helps mitigate water-related risks and reduces water quality deterioration in receiving bodies. Results indicate that drainage water recycling can be economically beneficial, with predictions based on specific regional conditions. The study highlights the need for regional-scale evaluations and further research to optimize recycling systems and assess long-term economic impacts under future climate scenarios.
S.K: Data preparation, Software, Methodology, Formal Analysis, Validation, Results Interpretation, Investigation. Writing-original draft preparation, Writing-review and editing, Final report review. M.P: Formal Analysis, Validation, Results Interpretation, Writing-review and editing, Supervision. A.M: Conceptualization, Methodology, Data Curation, Writing-review, Supervision, Project Administration, Formal Analysis. A.N.G: Investigation, Writing-review, Final report review, Writing-original draft preparation. A.G: Writing-original draft preparation, Writing-review and editing.
Not applicable.
The authors would like to thank all participants of the present study.
The author declares that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this manuscript. In addition, the ethical issues, including plagiarism, informed consent, misconduct, data fabrication and/or falsification, double publication and/or submission, and redundancies have been completely observed by the author.
The author declares no conflict of interest.
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