بررسی اثر مدیریت تغذیه بر عملکرد و جذب عناصر غذایی و افزایش مقاومت سرمایی گیاه گندم رقم میهن در اقلیم سرد (مطالعه موردی: استان لرستان، شهرستان ازنا)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیئت علمی بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات، آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی لرستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، خرم‌آباد،

2 موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج ، ایران،

چکیده

در مناطق سردسیر یکی از مهمترین عوامل کاهش عملکرد گندم سرما است و می‌تواند باعث ایجاد خسارت در گندم شود. با توجه به اینکه تغذیة متناسب گیاهان در کاهش اثرهای تـنش‌هـای زیـستی و غیرزیستی مفید اسـت، این پژوهش به منظور بررسی اثر تیمارهای تغذیه‌ای در بالا بردن عملکرد این گیاه در مناطق سردسیر استان لرستان انجام شد. برای این منظور یک آزمایش مزرعه‌ای در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار انجام شد. تیمارهای مورد مطالعه شامل سه تیمار 1) عرف زارع، 2) مصرف کودهای شیمیایی براساس آزمون خاک و 3) تغذیه بهینه کودهای شیمیایی براساس آزمون خاک به علاوه مواد کودی مقابله با تنش سرما بودند. صفات مورد اندازه‌گیری شامل عملکرد و اجزاء عملکرد و میزان جذب عناصر غذایی ماکرو و میکرو  در برگ پرچم، دانه و کاه بود.  نتایج نشان داد تیمارهای کودی نسبت به عرف زارع بر همه صفات اندازه‌گیری شده به جز وزن هزار دانه و تعداد دانه در سنبله اثر معنی‌دار دارد. تیمار سوم نسبت به عرف زارع 20 درصد باعث افزایش عملکرد شد در حالیکه تیمار دوم تنها 6 درصد افزایش عملکرد نسبت به عرف زارع نشان داد. نتایج تحلیل اقتصادی به روش بودجه‌بندی جزئی نشان داد منافع هر دو تیمار کودی (2 و 3) بیشتر از هزینه‌های انجام تیمار است و بنابراین هر دو تیمار در مقایسه با تیمار عرف زارع سودآورتر هستند .نتایج تحلیل اقتصادی تیمارها نشان داد هزینه‌های تیمارهای کودی با افزایش عملکرد قابل جبران است لذا توصیه می‌شود تیمارهای مورد مطالعه در مناطق سرد استان لرستان مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Studying the effect of nutrition management on yield and nutrient absorption and increasing cold resistance of Mihan wheat cultivar in cold climate (Case study: Lorestan Province, Azna County)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Samad Abdi 1
  • Seyed majid Mousavi 2
1 Faculty member of Soil and Water Research Institute, Lorestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education & Extension Organization (AREEO), Khoramabad, Iran.
2 Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
چکیده [English]

In cold regions, one of the most important factors reducing wheat yield is low temperature and can cause damage to wheat. Given that appropriate plant nutrition is useful in reducing the effects of biotic and abiotic stresses, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of nutritional treatments on increasing the yield of this plant in cold regions of Lorestan province. For this purpose, a field experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The studied treatments were three treatments including: 1) farmer's practice, 2) application of chemical fertilizers based on soil tests, and 3) optimal application of chemical fertilizers based on soil tests plus cold stress-fighting fertilizers. The measured traits included yield and yield components and the absorption rate of macro and micro nutrients in flag leaves, grains, and straw. The results showed that fertilizer treatments had a significant effect on all measured traits compared to farmer's practice except for 1000-grain weight and number of grains per spike. The third treatment increased yield by 20% compared to the farmer's usual practice, while the second treatment showed only a 6% increase in yield compared to the farmer's usual practice. The results of economic analysis using the partial budgeting method showed that the benefits of both fertilizer treatments (2 and 3) are greater than the costs of the treatment, and therefore both treatments are more profitable compared to the farmer's usual treatment. The results of economic analysis of the treatments showed that the costs of fertilizer treatments can be compensated by increasing yield, so it is recommended that the studied treatments be used in cold regions of Lorestan province.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Amino acids
  • humic acid
  • fulvic acid
  • potassium silicate

EXTENDED ABSTRACT

 

Background

Wheat is a strategic crop that is considered the most important crop in terms of area under cultivation and production, and increasing the quantity and quality of this crop is a priority in the country's research programs. In cold regions, one of the most important factors in reducing wheat yield is frost, which can cause damage to wheat.

Objectives

Given that appropriate plant nutrition is beneficial in reducing the effects of biotic and abiotic stresses, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of nutritional treatments on increasing the yield of this plant in cold regions of Lorestan province.

Method

For this purpose, a field experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments studied included: 1) farmer's usual practices, 2) application of chemical fertilizers based on soil test, and 3) optimal nutrition of chemical fertilizers based on soil test plus cold stress-fighting fertilizers. The measured traits included yield and yield components, and the absorption rate of macro and micro nutrients in flag leaves, grain, and straw.

Findings

The results showed that fertilizer treatments had a significant effect on all measured traits except 1000-grain weight and number of grains per spike compared to the farmer's practice. The third treatment increased yield by 20% compared to the farmer's practice, while the second treatment showed only a 6% increase in yield compared to the farmer's practice. The rate of nutrient absorption in the flag leaf showed a significant difference in fertilizer treatments compared to the farmer's practice and was higher in fertilizer treatments. The results of economic analysis using the partial budgeting method showed that the benefits of both fertilizer treatments (2 and 3) are greater than the costs of the treatment and therefore both treatments are more profitable compared to the farmer's practice.

Conclusion

The results of this study showed that the use of nutritional treatments in cold conditions can increase yield and play an effective role in increasing the efficiency of nutrient absorption by plants. Considering that the results of the economic analysis of the treatments showed that the costs of fertilizer treatments can be compensated by increasing yield, it is recommended that the studied treatments be used in cold regions of Lorestan province.

Author Contributions

 Conceptualization, S.A& S.M .M; methodology, S.A& S.M .M; software, S.A& S.M .M; formal analysis, S.A& S.M .M; investigation, S.A& S.M .M; resources, S.A; data curation, S.A& S.M .M; writing-original draft preparation, S.A& S.M .M; writing-review and editing, Y S.A& S.M .M; visualization, S.A& S.M .M; supervision, S.A.; project administration, S.A.; funding acquisition, S.A. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

 Data Availability Statement

 Data is available on reasonable request from the authors.

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the reviewers and editor for their critical comments that helped to improve the paper.

Ethical considerations

 The authors avoided data fabrication, falsification, plagiarism, and misconduct.

 Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران
دوره 56، شماره 5
مرداد 1404
صفحه 1309-1322

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