تاثیر قارچ حل‌کننده فسفات، هیومیک اسید و منابع فسفر بر رشد و جذب فسفر گیاه گوجه فرنگی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران

چکیده

تاثیر کاربرد قارچ تریکودرما، هیومیک اسید و منابع فسفر بر فراهمی فسفر خاک و تاثیر آن بر ویژگی­های رشد و جذب فسفر گیاه گوجه فرنگی در یک آزمایش گلخانه‌ای مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. فاکتورهای آزمایشی شامل 1) قارچ (با و بدون Trichoderma koningii)، 2) هیومیک اسید (0، 2 و 4 گرم برکیلوگرم خاک) و 3) منبع فسفر (بدون فسفر، کاربرد تری کلسیم فسفات و سوپر فسفات ساده) بودند. بیشترین مقادیر وزن تر و خشک اندام هوایی و ریشه و شاخص کلرفیل گیاه در تیمار کاربرد قارچ، 4 گرم بر کیلوگرم هیومیک اسید و کاربرد سوپرفسفات ساده مشاهده شد. مایه­زنی قارچ باعث افزایش مقدار جذب فسفر ریشه در خاک بدون فسفر، تیمار شده با تری کلسیم فسفات و سوپر فسفات ساده به­ترتیب به میزان 7/33، 9/85 و 8/68 درصد شد. بیشترین مقدار فسفر فراهم خاک و جذب فسفر اندام هوایی گیاه در تیمار کاربرد قارچ، سوپر فسفات ساده و مقدار 4 گرم بر کیلوگرم هیومیک اسید مشاهده شد که نسبت به تیمار بدون قارچ، فسفر و هیومیک اسید به میزان 58 و 153 درصد بیشتر بود. در مجموع، استفاده از هیومیک اسید و قارچ تریکودرما به­همراه کود شیمیایی فسفره می­تواند راهکاری مناسب جهت افزایش فسفر فراهم خاک باشد و جذب فسفر و رشد گیاه گوجه فرنگی را بهبود بخشد. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of phosphate solubilizing fungi, humic acid and phosphorus sources on growth and phosphorus uptake of tomato plant

نویسندگان [English]

  • Safoora Nahidan
  • Sara Movahed
Department of Soil Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
چکیده [English]

The effect of Trichoderma fungus, humic acid and phosphorus sources on soil phosphorus availability and its effect on growth characteristics and phosphorus uptake of tomato plant was investigated in a greenhouse experiment. The experimental factors were 1) fungus (with and without Trichoderma koningii), 2) humic acid (0, 2 and 4 g kg-1 soil) and 3) phosphorus treatment (without phosphorus, use of three calcium phosphate and simple superphosphate. The highest values of fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots and chlorophyll index of the plant were observed in the treatment of fungus, 4 g kg-1 of humic acid and the application of simple superphosphate. Fungi inoculation led to increase the amount of root phosphorus uptake in soil treatment of without phosphorus, treated with three calcium phosphate and simple superphosphate by 33.7, 85.9 and 68.8%, respectively. The highest amount of soil available phosphorus and shoot phosphorus uptake was observed in soil treated with fungi, simple superphosphate and 4 g kg-1 of humic acid, which was 58 and 153% higher than the treatment without fungi, phosphorus and humic acid. In general, the combined use of humic acid, Trichoderma and chemical phosphorus fertilizer can be a suitable solution to increase the availability of soil phosphorus and improve the phosphorus uptake and growth of tomato plant. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Humic acid
  • Phosphorus release
  • Sustainable agriculture
  • Trichoderma

EXTENDED ABSTRACT

 

Introduction

Phosphorus (P) deficiency is one of the major problems in agricultural soils around the world. The use of phosphate solubilizing fungi (PSF) such as Trichoderma is known as one of the most effective ways for increasing P availability and improving P use efficiency. The application of humic acid also improves the bioavailability of nutrients such as P in the soil, stimulates plant growth and development, protects against biotic and abiotic stresses and increases agricultural productivity. Moreover, several authors have reported that the combination of microbial inoculants with humic acid gives more reproducible results for plant growth and production. However, their effect may be related to P availability in soil. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of Trichoderma and humic acid on soil phosphorus availability, growth characteristics and phosphorus uptake of tomato plant in soil fertilized with soluble and insoluble phosphorus sources.

Materials and methods

A factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design with three replications in greenhouse conditions. The experimental factors were 1) fungus (with and without Trichoderma koningii), 2) humic acid (0, 2 and 4 g kg-1 soil) and 3) phosphorus treatment (without phosphorus, use of 0.25 mg P kg-1 from three calcium phosphate and simple superphosphate). Humic acid and phosphorous treatments were mixed in the soil matrix, then Trichoderma (107 spore g-1 soil) was added to half of pots. Then 5 sterile tomato seeds were planted in each pot at 2-cm depth which were declined to 1 plant in each pot after the emerging and greening phase. At the end of cultivation period, height, fresh and dry weight of root and shoot, chlorophyll index and also P uptake in root and shoot of tomato were determined after dry digestion. Also the amount of available P in the soil was measured after extraction with NaHCO3.

Results

The results showed that fungi inoculation and application of humic acid increased the fresh and dry weight of shoot and root and chlorophyll index of the tomato plant in soil unfertilized and fertilized with different P sources. The highest values of the aforementioned parameters of tomato were observed in the treatment of fungus, 4 g kg-1 of humic acid and application of simple superphosphate. Fungi inoculation led to increase the amount of root P uptake in soil without P, treated with three calcium phosphate and simple superphosphate by 33.7, 85.9 and 68.8%, respectively. The highest amount of soil available P and shoot P uptake was also observed in soil treated with fungi, simple superphosphate and 4 g kg-1 of humic acid, which was 58 and 153% higher than the soil treatment without fungus, P and humic acid.

Conclusion

Application of humic acid and Trichoderma to plants grown in soluble or insoluble P medium markedly enhanced P use efficiency. The combined application of 4 g kg-1 humic acid, Trichoderma and simple superphosphate fertilizer can be a suitable solution to increase the availability of soil P and improve P uptake and growth of tomato plant. The information on the availability of P following PSF and humic acid addition to plant growth medium may help in better management of P fertilization.

Author Contribution

Conceptualization, S.N.; methodology, S.N. and S.M.; software, S.N. and S.M.; validation, S.N.; formal analysis, S.N and S.M.; investigation, S.N.; resources, S.N and S.M.; data curation, S.M.; writing-original draft preparation, S.N.; writing-review and editing, S.N.; visualization, S.N.; supervision, S.N.; project administration, S.N.

All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

 

Data Availability Statement

Data is available on reasonable request from the corresponding author.

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank all participants of the present study.

Ethical considerations

The authors avoided data fabrication, falsification, plagiarism, and misconduct.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

 

 

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تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران
دوره 56، شماره 2
اردیبهشت 1404
صفحه 433-444

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