ارزیابی مدیریت مصرف آبِ آبیاری گندم در کشور با رویکرد کاهش سطح زیرکشت و ارتقای بهره‌وری آب

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 بخش تحقیقات آبیاری و فیزیک خاک، موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

2 بخش تحقیقات آبیاری و زهکشی، موسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

چکیده

همواره مصرف آب و عدم تناسب سطح زیرکشت و مقدار آب در دسترس در بخش کشاورزی و یا عدم تناسب عرضه و تقاضای آب دغدغه کشاورزان و مدیران کشاورزی بوده است. امنیت غذایی پایدار با عنایت به رشد و تغییر ذائقه مردم هم مزید بر این نگرانی است. از‌این‌رو، با توجه به تعیین کلاس تناسب اراضی و درصد مساحت هر یک از کلاس‌های S1، S2، S3 و N در کشور، مقدار عملکرد، حجم آب آبیاری، پتانسیل تولید، درآمد و هزینه در هر یک از این اراضی برای گندم تعیین و بر اساس آن شاخص‌‌های بهره‌وری فیزیکی (WPPa)، اقتصادی (WPEa)، نسبی فیزیکی (KWPp) و نسبی اقتصادی (KWPe) آب محاسبه گردید. بر اساس نتایج ارزیابی تناسب اقتصادی اراضی با تناسب S3 و N حذف گردید. سپس با استفاده از شاخص‌های بهره‌وری آب، حجم آب آبیاری مورد نیاز برای جبران کاهش عملکرد ناشی از کاهش سطح زیرکشت، محاسبه و راه‌های جبران کاهش عملکرد در اراضی با تناسب S1 و S2 بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد سطح زیرکشت گندم 989 هزار هکتار، عملکرد گندم 1184 هزار تن، حجم آب آبیاری 138/5 میلیارد مترمکعب کاهش و شاخص‌های WPPa، WPEa، KWPp و KWPe به‌ترتیب 41، 47، 12 و 39 درصد افزایش یافتند. اگر در اراضی با تناسب S1 و S2 راندمان کاربرد آب آبیاری 16 افزایش یا مقدار آب آبیاری 76 میلی‌متر کاهش و یا مدیریت‌‌ زراعی به اندازه 9 تا 14 درصد عملکرد را افزایش دهد، کاهش عملکرد ناشی از کاهش سطح زیرکشت گندم جبران می‌گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of wheat water irrigation management in Iran with the approach of reducing the area under cultivation and improving water productivity

نویسندگان [English]

  • hossein jafari 1
  • Fariborz Abbasi 2
1 Department of Irrigation and Soil Physics, Soil and Water Research Institute (SWRI), Agriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
2 Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Agriculture Engineering Research Institute (AERI), Agriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Water consumption and disproportion of the cultivated area and the amount of available water in the agricultural sector, or the disproportion of water supply and demand, have always been the concern of farmers and agricultural managers. Sustainable food security due to the growth and change of people's taste is an additional concern. Therefore, according to the determination of land suitability class and the percentage of the area of each of the S1, S2, S3 and N classes in Iran, was determined and Based on that, the physical (WPPa), economic (WPEa), relative physical (KWPp) and relative economic (KWPe) indicators of water were calculated. Based on the results of evaluating the economic suitability, wheat fields were removed from the lands with S3 and N suitability. Then, using water productivity indicators, the ways to compensate for the decrease in wheat production in lands with S1 and S2 suitability classes were investigated. The results showed that the area under wheat cultivation was 989 thousand hectares, wheat production was 1184 thousand tons, applied irrigation water was 5.138 billion cubic meters, and the indices of WPPa, WPEa, KWPp and KWPe are increased by 41, 47, 12 and 39% respectively. Also, if the irrigation water use efficiency is increased 16% or the amount of irrigation water is decreased between 73 and 80mm in the lands with S1 and S2 suitability classes, or agricultural management, increase the yield by 9 to 14%, the decrease in yield caused by the decrease in the area under wheat cultivation is compensated.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • agricultural management
  • applied irrigation water
  • cultivated area
  • performance and suitability of land

EXTENDED ABSTRACT

 

Introduction

 Water consumption and disproportion of the cultivated area and the amount of water available in the agricultural sector, or the disproportion of water supply and demand, have always been the concern of farmers and agricultural managers. Sustainable food security due to the growth and change of people's taste is an additional concern. So that according to the 7th national economic and social development plan, an annual increase of 5% in water productivity is targeted. One of the ways to achieve this goal is to reduce the area under cultivation in lands with low suitability.

Purpose

In order to reduce water consumption and increase its efficiency, the reduction of the area under cultivation of wheat in lands with low suitability throughout the country (Iran) and methods to compensate for the decrease in wheat yield caused by the reduction of the area under cultivation in lands with high suitability were evaluated.

Material and method

According to the determination of land suitability class (S1, S2, S3, and N) and the percentage of the area of each of the S1, S2, S3 and N classes of Iran, yield, applied irrigation water, production potential, income and cost in each of the land suitability classes for wheat were determined and based on that, physical (WPPa), economic (WPEa), relative physical (KWPp) and relative economic (KWPe) water productivity indices were calculated. Based on the results of evaluating the economic suitability of the lands in all suitability classes, the area of wheat in lands with S3 and N suitability classes were removed. By removing these lands, the area under cultivation, applied irrigation water and the amount of reduced yield due to the removal of these lands and the remaining lands (the lands with suitability of S1 and S2) were calculated. Then, by using water productivity indicators, the ways of compensating for yield reduction in lands with S1 and S2 suitability classes were investigated.

Results

The results showed that 11.434 billion cubic meters of water is applied for 2.295 million hectares of wheat lands in Iran. Removed lands with S3 and N suitability was 989 thousand hectares, reduction in yield of wheat was 1.184 million tons, and applied irrigation water for lands with S3 and N suitability was 5.138 billion cubic meters. The WPPa, WPEa, KWPp and KWPe indices increased by 41, 47, 12 and 39%, respectively. On the other hand, the lands area with S1 and S2 suitability was 1.306 million hectares, and in these lands, 6.296 billion cubic meters of water were consumed to produce 7.14 million tons wheat.

Conclusion

Therfore if irrigation water efficiency increases between 15 to 17 percent in the lands with S1 and S2 suitability, or the amount of irrigation water decreases between 73 to 80 mm, or agricultural management, including variety improvement, nutrition and irrigation management, will increase the yield by 9 to 14%, the decrease in wheat production  due to the decrease in the area under wheat cultivation will be compensated.

Author Contributions

Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization of the article and writing of the original and subsequent drafts.

Data Availability Statement

Data available on request from the authors.

Ethical considerations

The authors avoided data fabrication, falsification, plagiarism, and misconduct.

Conflict of interest

The author declares no conflict of interest.

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تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران
دوره 55، شماره 12
اسفند 1403
صفحه 2333-2349

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