Investigating the enrichment of chicken manure compost in order to prepare suitable pre-planting fertilizer on the yield of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) under drought stress conditions

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran

3 Research and Training Center for Agriculture and Natural Resources, Golestan Province, Gorgan, Iran

4 Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture; University of Tehran, Tehran, Karaj. Iran

Abstract

This study investigated the impact of different soil amendments on the growth of Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) under water deficit stress conditions. The experiment was conducted using a factorial design with three replicates in 2022 in the research greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture of Lorestan University. Treatments included three levels of severe water deficit stress, mild water deficit stress, and no water stress, and eleven levels of compost enriched with various amendments (biochar, Trichoderma, Thiobacillus + sulfur, and chemical fertilizer NPK), as well as a control without compost. The results showed that the highest fresh and dry shoot and root, and plant height were observed in the compost enriched with all amendments under no stress conditions. The lowest values of these traits were found in the severe stress and no compost treatment. Ion leakage increased with stress, but the application of treatments reduced ion leakage. Water deficit stress decreased the RWC, with severe stress reducing it by 48.7% compared to the control. Treatments significantly increased the RWC compared to the control. The highest levels of chlorophyll, carotenoids, and the highest essential oil yield were observed in the compost enriched with all amendments under no stress conditions, while the lowest levels of these traits were observed in the control. Overall, compost enriched with organic, biological and chemical treatments can mitigate the adverse effects of water deficit stress on plants and they are beneficial in improving both quantitative and qualitative plant traits. Enrichment of chicken manure compost with the mentioned treatments can be introduced as a suitable pre-planting fertilizer to increase the yield of plants.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Investigating the enrichment of chicken manure compost in order to prepare suitable pre-planting fertilizer on the yield of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) under drought stress conditions

EXTRACTED ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives:

Lemon balm, also known as Melissa officinalis L., is a perennial herbaceous plant from the Lamiaceae family. It is rich in essential oils and is widely used in treating sleep disorders, nervous diseases, depression, stomach upset, anorexia, cough, and nervous tremors. Due to the limited availability of water resources and the need to preserve the environment by using organic and biological fertilizers, it is important to maximize the efficiency of medicinal plant inputs. In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of different types of soil conditioners (organic, biological, and chemical) on the performance of lemongrass under drought stress conditions.

Methodology:

This study aimed to assess the effects of different soil amendments on the growth of Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) under conditions of water deficit stress. The experiment followed a factorial design with three replicates, where the treatments included three levels of water deficit stress (severe water deficit stress, mild water deficit stress, and no water stress) and eleven levels of compost enriched with various amendments (biochar, Trichoderma harzianum, Thiobacillus thioparus + sulfur, and chemical fertilizer NPK), as well as a control without compost. To carry out the experiment, each of the 0.5% w (equivalent to 20 tons.ha-1) fertilizer treatments were added to the soil of four-kilogram pots and mixed thoroughly. One seedling was grown in each pot, and water stress treatments were applied after 20 days. After the growing period of the plant, the height, fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots, ion leakage, relative content of leaf water, content of photosynthetic pigments, and percentage and yield of essential oil were determined by conventional methods.

Results:

 The study investigated the effect of different treatments on the growth and yield of lemongrass plants under drought stress. The results showed that the best growth and yield were observed in plants that were not exposed to drought stress and were treated with F10 (compost + biochar + trichoderma + thiobacillus + sulfur + NPK chemical fertilizer). In contrast, the worst growth and yield were observed in plants that were exposed to 55-60% field capacity drought stress and received no fertilizer. Drought stress resulted in increased ion leakage from the plants. However, the application of corrective treatments reduced the amount of ion leakage in the plant. Moreover, drought stress decreased the relative water content of the leaves, with a 7.48% decrease observed in plants exposed to 55-60% field capacity drought stress compared to the control treatment. Nevertheless, the application of corrective treatments led to a significant increase in the relative water content of the leaves compared to the control treatment. The highest relative leaf water content was observed in the F10 treatment, which increased the relative leaf water content by 18.65% compared to the control (no fertilizer use). The highest amount of chlorophyll a, b, and total, as well as carotenoid, were observed in plants that were not exposed to drought stress and were treated with F10. The lowest amount of these traits was observed in plants that were exposed to 55-60% field capacity drought stress and received no corrective treatment. Additionally, the highest essential oil yield was observed in plants that were not exposed to drought stress and were treated with F10, while the lowest yield was observed in plants that were exposed to 55-60% field capacity drought stress and received no corrective treatment. Interestingly, the highest percentage of essential oil was observed in plants that were exposed to 55-60% field capacity drought stress and treated with F10, while the lowest percentage was observed in plants that were not exposed to drought stress and received no corrective treatment

Conclusion:

The use of chicken manure compost, combined with organic, biological, and chemical compounds, can help reduce the negative effects of moisture stress on plants. It can also improve the quality and quantity of plant growth. The results of this research can be applied to the development of innovative agricultural fertilizers and nutritional management techniques. This approach reduces the need for chemical fertilizers and therefore minimizes the risk of environmental pollution and depletion of soil and water resources. It also increases the biological population of soil in agricultural land, thereby improving the soil's quality and health. As a result, plants can absorb more nutrients and secondary metabolites from soil microorganisms, resulting in better and more stable performance in agricultural lands.

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Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
Volume 55, Issue 6
September 2024
Pages 925-943

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