The Effect of Spent Mushroom Compost and Its Biochar on Parsley Yield under Salinity Stress

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Former M.Sc student, Department of Soil Science, Collage of Agriculture, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Soil Science, Collage of Agriculture, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran

3 Professor, Department of Soil Science, Collage of Agriculture, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran

4 Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy, Collage of Agriculture, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran

Abstract

Mushroom compost is thrown away after mushroom harvesting as wastes. In order to investigate the effect of spent mushroom compost (SMC) and its biochar on growth parameters and some nutrients uptake by parsley under salinity stress, a completely randomized design experiment with three replications was carried out in green house of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan. The Factors consisted of SMC and its biochar, each at two levels (0 and 3 % by weight) and at two levels of salinity (2 and 6 dS/m). The results showed that by increasing salinity from 2 to 6 dS/m, fresh and dry weight of aboveground part, concentration of iron, zinc, copper, calcium, magnesium, potassium and phosphorus decrease significantly (P<0.01). In versus, sodium concentration was increased in aboveground part of the plant by increasing salinity. Application of organic fertilizers as SMC and its biochar increased nutrients uptake and plant growth parameters. Application of 3% biochar as compared to compost and control showed better results in terms of increasing growth parameters and nutrients uptake. The results of this study indicated that the compost and its biochar are able to decrease salinity stress as well as drought tension - due to their capacity of holding water. Therefore, reusing and safe disposing of compost wastes and their biochar could be an effective practice for improving soil nutrients and productivity.

Keywords

Main Subjects


Abbas, T., Rizwan, M., Ali, S., Zia-ur Rehman, M., Qayyum, M. F., Abbas, F., Hannan, F., Rinklebe, J. and Ok, Y. S. (2017). Effect of biochar on cadmium bioavailability and uptake in wheat (Triticum aestivum) grown in a soil with aged contamination. Ecotoxicology Environmental Safety, 140, 37-47.
Abbasi, M. K. and Anwar, A. A. (2015). Ameliorating effects of biochar derived from poultry manure and white clover residues on soil nutrient status and plant growth promotion greenhouse experiments. PLoS One 10, e0131592.
Ahanger, M. A. and Agarwal, R. M. (2017). Salinity stress induced alterations in antioxidant metabolism and nitrogen assimilation in wheat (Triticum aestivum L) as influenced by potassium supplementation. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 115, 449-460.
Akhtar, S. S., Andersen, M. N. and Liu, F. (2015). Residual effects of biochar on improving growth, physiology and yield of wheat under salt stress. Agriculture and Water Management, 158, 61-68.
Ali, S., Rizwan, M., Qayyum, M. F., Ok, Y. S., Ibrahim, M., Riaz, M., Arif, M. S., Hafeez, F., AlWabel, M. I. and Shahzad, A. N. (2017). Biochar soil amendment on alleviation of drought and salt stress in plants:a critical review. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 3, 1-13.
Amonette, J. and Joseph, S. (2009). Characteristics of Biochar-Micro-Chemical Properties. Science and Technology, 3rd Edition, London. Earthscan, p 405.
Ashraf, M. and Harris, P. J. C. (2005). Abiotic Stresses: Plant Resistance through Breeding and Molecular Approaches. Haworth Press, New York, USA.
Banakar M. H., Ranjbar Gh. H.( 2013). Evaluation of madder (Rubia tinctorum l.) response to salinity during vegetative growth in two planting methods. Iranian Journal of Soil Research (formerly soil and water sciences), 27 (3), 317 - 325.
Biriya, M. (2015). Investigation the effect of biochar on cadmium and lead mobility in soil column cultivated with corn plant. M.Sc. Thesis. Shahid Chamran University. (In Persian).
Brady, C.J., Gibson,T.S., Barlow, E.W.R., Speirs, J. and Wyn Jones, R.G. (1984). Salt tolerance in plants. Ions, compatible organic solutes and the stability of plant ribosomes. Plant Cell Environment. 7:571-578.
Cabilovski, R., Manojlovic, M., Bogdanovic, D., Magazin, N., Keserovic, Z. and Sitaula, B. K. (2014). Mulch type and application of manure and composts in strawberry (Fragaria× ananassa Duch.) production: impact on soil fertility and yield. Agriculture, 20 (3), 113-129.
Diaz L. F., Bertoldi de M. and Bidlingamier, W. (2007). Compost science and technology. 1st ed. Boston,USA: Elsevier.
Drake, J. A., Cavagnaro, T. R., Cunningham, S. C., Jackson, W. R. and Patti, A. F. (2016). Does biochar improve establishment of tree seedlings in saline sodic soils? Land Degradation. Devision, 27, 52-59.
Elgharably, A. G. (2008). Nutrient Availability and Wheat Growth as Affected by Plant Residues and Inorganic Fertilizers in Saline Soils (Doctoral Dissertation). The University of Adelaide, South Australia.
Fageria, N. K., Gheyi, H. R. and Moreira, A. (2011). Nutrient bioavailability in salt affected soils. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 34, 945-962.
FAO. (2007). Global network on integrated soil management for sustainable Technol; 31:860–865use of salt affected soils. Rome, Italy: FAO Land and Plant Nutrition Management Service.
FAO. (2012). FAO Statistical Year Book 2012, World Food and Agriculture. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation, Rome, p. 366. http://www. fao.org/docrep/015/i2490e/i2490e00.htm.
Gerrits, J. P. G. (1988). Nutrition and Compost. p. 29-72. In L.J.L.D. van Griensven (ed.) The Cultivation of Mushrooms.
Ghosh, S., Lockwood, P., Hulugalle, N., Daniel, H., Kristiansen, P. and Dodd, K. (2010). Changes in properties of sodic Australian Vertisols with application of organic waste products. Soil Science Society American Journal, 74, 153-160.
Gou, M., and Chorover, J. (2004). Leachate Migration from Spent Mushroom Substrate through intact and repacked subsurface soil columns. Department of agriculture and natural resources. Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science. University of Arizona.
Hamzei, A., Lakziyan, A., Astarai, A. and Fotovvat, E. (2012). Effect of biochar and waste water on cadmium uptake by mungbean. 3rd National Conference on Water Resource Management.
Homai, M. (2002). Response of Plant to Salinity. First Edition. Iranian National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage. Tehran. p, 97-120.
Joseph, S. D., Camps-Arbestain, M., Lin, Y., Munroe, P., Chia, C. H., Hook, J., van Zwieten, L., Kimber, S., Cowie, A., Singh, B. P. and Lehmann, J. (2010). An investigation into the reactions of biochar in soil. Soil and Tillage Research, 48, 501-515.
Kafi, M. (2008). Saline agriculture and its necessity in Iran. Key Papers Proceedings, the 10th  Iranian Crop Sciences Congress. 19-21 August, Karaj, Iran. (In Persian with English abstract).
Kim, H. S., Kim, K. R., Yang, J. E., Ok, Y. S., Owens, G., Nehls, T., Wessolek, G. and Kim, K. H. (2016). Effect of biochar on reclaimed tidal land soil properties and maize (Zea mays L.) response. Chemosphere, 142, 153–159.
Knudsen D., Peterson G.A., and Pratt P.F. (1982). Lithium, Sodium and Potassium. P. 225-246. In: Methods of soil analysis (part II) Chemical and microbiological properties, Page et al. (ed.). American Society of Agronomy, Inc., Soil Science Society of America, Inc. Publisher. Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Krik P.L. (1950). Kjeldahl method for total nitrogen. Analytical chemistry. 22: 354-358.
Lashari, M. S., Liu, Y., Li, L., Pan, W., Fu, J., Pan, G., Zheng, J., Zheng, J., Zhang, X. and Yu, X. (2013). Effects of amendment of biochar-manure compost in conjunction with pyroligneous solution on soil quality and wheat yield of a salt-stressed cropland from Central China Great Plain. Field Crop Research, 144, 113-118.
Lashari, M. S., Ye, Y., Ji, H., Li, L., Kibue, G.W., Lu, H., Zheng, J. and Pan, G. (2015). Biochar–manure compost in conjunction with pyroligneous solution alleviated salt stress and improved leaf bioactivity of maize in a saline soil from central China: a 2-year field experiment. Journal of Science and Food Agriculture, 95, 1321–1327.
Lehmann, J. and Joseph, S. (2015). Biochar for Environmental Management: Science, Technology and Implementation. Routledge, NY.
Lehmann, J., Pereira da Silva, J., Steiner, C., Nehls, T., Zech, W. and Glaser, B. (2003). Nutrient availability and leaching in an archaeological Anthrosol and a Ferralsol of the Central Amazon basin: fertilizer, manure and charcoal amendments. Plant and Soil, 249, 343–357.
Levitt, J. (1980). Response of environmental stresses. Vol.2. Water, radiation, salt and other stresses. Academic Press. New York. P. 607.
Lin, X. W., Xie, Z. B., Zheng, J. Y., Liu, Q., Bei, Q. C. and Zhu, J. G. (2015). Effects of biochar application on greenhouse gas emissions, carbon sequestration and crop growth in coastal saline soil. European Journal of Soil Science, 66, 329-338.
Liu, J. and Zhu, J. K. (1997). Proline accumulation and salt-stress-induced gene expression in a salt-hypersensitive mutant of Arabidopsis. Plant Physiology, 114, 591-596.
Masto, R. E., Kumar, S., Rout, T., Sarkar, P., George, J. and Ram, L. (2013). Biochar from water hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes) and its impact on soil biological activity. Catena, 111, 64-71.
Mia, S., Dijkstra, F. A. and Singh, B. (2017). Long-term ageing of biochar: a molecular understanding with agricultural and environmental implications. Advance in Agronomy, 141, 1-51.
Miller, J., Beasley, B., Drury, C., Larney, F. and Hao, X. (2017). Surface soil salinity and soluble salts after 15 applications of composted or stockpiled manure with straw or wood- chips. Compost Science, 25, 36 - 47.
Moameni, A. (2010). Geographical distribution and salinity levels of soil resources of Iran. Soil Research Journal, 24, 203-215. (In Persian with English abstract).
Olsen S.R., Cole C.V., Watanabe F.S., and Dean L.A. (1954). Estimation of available P in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. U.S. Department of Agriculture, circular, 939: 1-19
Petropoulos, S., Daferera, A., Dimitra, P., Moschos, G., and Harold, C. (2009). Effect of salinity on the growth, yield and essential oils of turnip-rooted and leaf parsley cultivated within the Mediterranean region. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation.
Qadir, M. and Schubert, S. (2002). Degradation processes and nutrient constraints in sodic soils. Land Degraded Division, 13, 275-294.
Quevauviller, P. (1998). Operationally defined extraction procedures for soil and sediment analysis. Trend in Analytical Chemistry, 17 (5), 289-298.
Rafiq, M. K., Bachmann, R. T., Rafiq, M. T., Shang, Z., Joseph, S. and Long, R. (2016). Influence of pyrolysis temperature on physico-chemical properties of corn stover (Zea mays L.) biochar and feasibility for carbon capture and energy balance. PLoS One 11, e0156894.
Rajkovich, S., Enders, A., Hanley, K., Hyland, C., Zimmerman, A. R. and Lehmann, J. (2012). Corn growth and nitrogen nutrition after additions of biochars with varying properties to a temperate soil. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 48(3), 271-284.
Rang Zan, N. (2012). Dynamics of heavy metals in contaminated soils and risk assessment to human through spinach grown thereon. Ph.D. Dissertation. Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.
Shahriyari, A. (2013). Investigation local variation of some soil properties of Atabiye (in Khuzestan province) by using GIS. M.Sc Dissertation, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran. (In Persian).
Sheikhi, J. and Ronaghi, AM. (2013). Effect of salinity and vermicompost on nutrient concentration and spinach productivity in calcareous soil. Journal of Greenhouse Culture Science and Technology, 4 (13), 81-92.
Sigua, G. C., Stone, K. C., Hunt, P. G., Cantrell, K. B. and Novak, J. M. (2015). Increasing biomass of winter wheat using sorghum biochars. Agron. Sustainable Division, 35, 739-748.
Sun, H., Lu, H., Chu, L., Shao, H. and Shi, W. (2017). Biochar applied with appropriate rates can reduce N leaching, keep N retention and not increase NH3 volatilization in a coastal saline soil. Science Total Environment, 575, 820-825.
Taghavimehr, J. (2015). Effect of biochar on Soil Microbial Communities, Nutrient Availability, and Greenhouse Gases in Short Rotation Coppice Systems of Central Alberta, Ph.D.  Dissertation. University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada.
USDA-ARS. (2008). Research Databases. Bibliography on Salt Tolerance. George E. Brown, Jr. Salinity Lab. US Dep. Agric., Agric. Res. Serv. Riverside, CA
Vahabi Mashak, F., Hosseini, H., Shorafa, M. and Hatami, S. (2008). Effect of spent mushroom compost on some chemical properties of soil and drainage water. Journal of Water and Soil (Agricultural Science and Technology), 22 (2), 394-406. (In Persian).
Vashev, B., Gaiser, T., Ghawana,T., de Vries, A. and Stahr, K. (2010). Biosafor Project Deliv- erable 9: Cropping Potentials for Saline Areas in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. University of Hohenheim, Hohenheim, Germany.
Walkely, A. and Black, I. A. (1934). An examination of method for determination of soil organic matter and proposed modification of chronic acid method. Soil Science, 37, 29-38.
Wang, W., Vinodur, B. and Altman, A. (2003). Plant responses to Drought, salinity and extreme temperatures: Toward genetic engineering for stress tolerance. Planta, 218, 1-14.
Williams, B. C., McMullan, J. T. and McCahey, S. (2001). An initial assessment of spent mushroom compost as a potential energy feedstock. Bio resource Technology, 79(3), 227-230.
Xu, G., Zhang, Y., Sun, J. and Shao, H. (2016). Negative interactive effects between biochar and phosphorus fertilization on phosphorus availability and plant yield in saline sodic soil. Science Total Environment, 568, 910-915.
Yue, Y., Guo, W. N., Lin, Q. M., Li, G. T. and Zhao, X. R. (2016). Improving salt leaching in a simulated saline soil column by three biochars derived from rice straw (Oryza sativa L.), sunflower straw (Helianthus annuus), and cow manure. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 71, 467-475.
Zhang, L. and Sun, X. (2014). Changes in physical, chemical, and microbiological properties during the two-stage co-composting of green waste with spent mushroom compost and biochar. Bio resource Technology, 171, 274-284.
Zheng, H., Wang, X., Chen, L., Wang, Z., Xia, Y., Zhang, Y., Wang, H., Luo, X. and Xing, B. (2017). Enhanced growth of halophyte plants in biochar-amended coastal soil: roles of nutrient availability and rhizosphere microbial modulation. Plant Cell Environ. https:// doi.org/10.1111/pce.12944.
Zornoza, R., Moreno-Barriga, F., Acosta, J. A., Muñoz, M. A. and Faz, A. (2016). Stability, nutrient availability and hydrophobicity of biochars derived from manure, crop residues, and municipal solid waste for their use as soil amendments. Chemosphere, 144, 122-130.