Investigation of Hydraulical and Chemical Behavior of Dual Drain Envelopes (Organic and Synthetic) in Paddy Conditions with Two Different Water Qualities

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 MSC Student, Water Engineering Department, Agricultural Sciences Faculty, University of Guilan

2 Assistant Professor, Water Engineering Department, Agricultural Sciences Faculty, University of Guilan

Abstract

Drain envelopes play significant roles in the performance of drainage systems due to their
reduction in letting sediments into the drainpipes and also because of an increase in the
hydraulic conductivity of soil around the drainpipes. Throughout the present research, the
effect of a one 1000 hour flow on dual envelopes consisting of geotextile as a means of
improving the hydraulic gradient and rice husk as bio-sorbent, on the hydraulic and
chemical trends under paddy field conditions, with no rice crop, was considered. Towards
this end, a drainpipe covered with two different thicknesses of geotextile at a depth of 40
cm was installed on a physical model. Then the drain pipe was filled, using a 5 cm
thickness of rice husk. A thousand hour flow test, under two different water qualities of
0.7 and 1.9 dS/m was carried out, and while flow of drainage, EC, sodium absorption
ratio and pH of drained water being assessed. Results showed that the reduction of flow
rate of treatments of rice husk & thin geotextile with saline water (RNs), rice husk & thin
geotextile with water of ordinary quality (RN), rice husk & thick geotextile with ordinary
water quality (RV), as well as rice husk & thick geotextile with saline water (RVs) were
44, 94, 21 and 75 percent, respectively. But, in total, RN and RNs treatments presented
the maximum and minimum cloggings, respectively. Thickness of geotextiles affected the
flow rate and chemical trends, while the performance of rice husk, for all treatments, and
in saline conditions wasn’t appreciable.

Keywords

Main Subjects


Adeniran, K. A. (2008). Performance of no-filter drainage material on clayey loam. A. E. International. Vol. 10. Manuscript Number LW 08 005. 10. From www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/1271/1127.
Adimi, M., Nabavi, M. R., Darbandi, S., and Shahriari, M. (2009). Drain envelopes. IRNCID pub. From http://irncid.org/Publication. (In Farsi)
Dierickx, W. (1987). Nature of synthetic envelope materials in subsurface drainage. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 5: 141-151.
EB-405. (2011). Durability of polypropylene geotextiles for waste containment applications, Engineering Bulletin, Propex Operating Company.
Ebrahimian, H. (2007). Evaluation of subsurface drainage performance with rice husk envelope (case study: Behshar). Thesis of M.Sc. degree. Faculty of water and soil engineering, University of Tehran, Iran. (In Farsi)
FAO. (2005). Materials for subsurface land drainage systems, edited by L. C. P. M. Stuyt, W. Dierickx and J. MartínezBeltrán. Rome, Italy: Food and Agricultural Organization, No. 60, 184.
Fourie, A. B., Kuchema, S. M., and Blight, G. E. (1994). Effect of Biological Clogging on the Filtration Capacity of Geotextiles. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Geosynthetics. Singapore. 721-724.
Hassanoghli, A. and Pedram, S. (2012). Impact of drained saline water on anticipation of physical clogging of synthetic envelope using penetrometer. In 7th Workshop on Drainage and Environmental Engineering. IRNCID. Tehran. From http://irncid.org/PublicationDet.aspx?ID=147&CatId=7. (In Farsi).
Kamble, B. M., Rathod, S. D., and Phalke, D. H. (2008). Effect of sub-surface drainage (SSD) system with different filters (envelopes) on improvement of chemical properties of salt affected and water logged soil. International Journal of Agricultural Engineering, 1(2): 123- 125.
Inosako, K., Yasunaga, K., Takeshita, N., Saito, T., and Inoue, M. (2012). Desalinization of a salt-affected field using rice husk underdrainage system. Journal of Arid Land Studies, 22 (1): 143-146.
Islamic Republic of Iran Vice Presidency for Planning and Supervision. (2000) Design criteria for renovation & mobilization of rice fields. Third Volume- Drainage No.: 471-3. From tec.mporg.ir. (In Farsi)
Islamic Republic of Iran Vice Presidency for Planning and Supervision. (2009).Guidelines for laboratory analysis of soil and water samples. NO.467. pp 255. From tec.mporg.ir. (In Farsi)
Kirk, G. J. D. (2004). the Biogeochemistry of submerged soils. Chester, England: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Koerner, R. M. (1994). Designing with geosynthetics. 3th ed. Prentice- Hall. Eaglewood Cliffs, New Jersey, U. S. A. pp. 738.
Masulili, A., Utomo, W. H., and Syechfani, M. S. (2010). Rice husk bio char for rice based cropping system in acid soil 1. The characteristics of rice husk bio char and its influence on the properties of acid sulfate soils and rice growth in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Agricultural Science, 2 (1): 39-47.
Mehdinejadiani, B. (2006). Experimental evaluation of the application of a synthetic envelope in subsurface drainage and compared with mineral envelope. Thesis of M.Sc. degree. Faculty of water engineering. ShahidChamran University, Ahvaz, Iran. (In Farsi).
Nnadi, E. O., Newman, A. P., and Coupe, S. J. (2014). Geotextile incorporated permeable pavement system as potential source of irrigation water: effects of re-used water on the soil, plant growth and development. Clean- Soil, Air, and Water 42 (2): 125- 132.
Nameni, M., AlaviMoghadam, M. R., and Arami, M. (2009). the study of sorption equilibrium of chromium (VI) from aqueous solutions using rice Bran. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. 10(39): 0-0. (In Farsi)
NEN-7090. (1989). Omhullingsmateriaal van polypropeenvezels voor draineerbuizen .Nederlands Normalisatie-Instituut (NNI), Delft, The Netherlands, 8 pp. (Dutch, Wrapping material made of polypropylene fibers for land drainage pipes).
Palmeira, E. M., Remigio, A. F. N., Ramos, M. L. G., and Bernardes, R. S. (2008). A study on biological clogging of nonwoven geotextiles. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 26: 205-219.
Rollin, A. L. and Lombard, G. (1988). Mechanisms affecting long-term filtration behavior of geotextiles. Geotextiles and Geomembranes 7:119-145.
Rozainee, M., Ngo, S. P., Johari, A., Salema, A. A., and Tan, K. G. (2009). Utilization of rice husk waste and its ash (Part 1). The Ingenieur, March-May, pp 46-50.Board of Engineers Malaysia. Malaysia.
Shafiq, R. (1995). Laboratory testing of envelope materials for pipe drains. Thesis of M.Sc. degree. Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, McGill University, Quebec, Canada.
Stuyt, L. C. P. M. and Dierickx, W. (2006). Design and performance of materials for subsurface drainage systems in agriculture. Agricultural Water Management, 86:50 –59.
Velásquez, L. and Dussan, J. (2009). Biosorption and bioaccumulation of heavy metals on dead and living biomass of bacillus sphaericus. Journal of Hazardous Materials 167 (1–3):713-716.
Vijayaraghavan, K. and Yun, Y. S. (2008). Bacterial biosorbents and biosorption. Biotechnology Advances, 26 (3):266-291.
Vlotman, W. F., Willardson, L. S., and Dierickx, W. (2000). Envelope design for subsurface drains. ILIR, Wageningen, the Netherlands.