Rhizosheath formation and its effect on potassium uptake in different cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under drought stress

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Soil Science and Engineering Department- College of Agriculture- Razi University

2 Soil Science and Engineering department, College of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran

3 Soil Biophysics and Environmental Systems Department, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany

Abstract

Rhizosheath as a potential adaptive trait can adjust the effects of drought stress by maintaining moisture, and have a positive effect on the uptake of water and nutrients by the plant. The present study was conducted to compare the formation of rhizosheath in different wheat cultivars and its impact on potassium uptake by the plant under drought stress conditions. For this reason, four wheat cultivars, Mihan and Sirvan (irrigated cultivars) and Sadra and Rizhaw (rainfed cultivars) were used. First, the pots were divided into four groups of ten, each group belonging to one cultivar, and in each cultivar, two moisture levels (optimum and stress) were applied. Drought stress started in the pots after plants were established in the soil. After ten weeks, plants were harvested, and separating the rhizosheath of each pot was done. The highest ratio of the rhizosheath dry weight to the root dry weight under stress conditions was observed in Rizhaw (69.22 g/g) and the lowest value was observed in Sadra (60.46 g/g). The highest and lowest value of potassium in the plant under drought stress was obtained in Rizhaw (30.73 mg/pot) and Sirvan (28.73 mg/pot), respectively. The maximum value of available potassium in rhizosheath under drought stress was measured in Mihan (147.45 mg kg-1) and the minimum value in Rizhaw (134.07 mg kg-1). Results showed that the studied cultivars had the same and high ability to form rhizosheath under drought stress conditions. Further studies with different wheat cultivars and other agronomic and horticultural crops are recommended.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Rhizosheath formation and its effect on potassium uptake in different cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under drought stress

EXTENDED ABSTRACT

Background:

 Drought stress is the most common (abiotic) environmental stress that limits the crop production of approximately 25% of the world's agricultural lands. 85% of Iran's area is includes arid and semi-arid areas. Therefore, drought and lack of water has always been one of the most important problems of agriculture in Iran. Rhizosheath as a potential adaptive trait can adjust the effects of drought stress by maintaining moisture, and have a positive effect on the uptake of water and nutrients by the plant. The present study was conducted to compare the formation of rhizosheath in different wheat cultivars and its effect on potassium uptake by the plant under drought stress conditions.

Materials & Methods:

 For this reason, four wheat cultivars, Mihan and Sirvan (irrigated cultivars), and Sadra and Rizhaw (rainfed cultivars) were used. First, the pots were divided into four groups of ten, each group belonging to one cultivar, and in each cultivar, two moisture levels (optimum and stress) were applied. After seeds planting and establishing in the soil (the third week), drought stress was started in the pots. Then, ten weeks of the seeds planting, harvesting of the shoots and roots of the plants and separating the rhizosheath of each pot was done and desired characteristics were determined. In order to determine the transpiration rate of each variety in the last five days before harvesting, all the pots were weighed twice a day (9 am and 3 pm).

Results:

In drought stress conditions, the maximum and minimum transpiration rate was measured in Rizhaw (0.79 g/h) and Mihan (0.74 g/h) cultivars, respectively. The maximum value of shoot to root dry weight under drought stress belonged to Sirvan (3.61 g/g) and the minimum value was seen in Rizhaw (1.76 g/g). The highest ratio of the rhizosheath dry weight to the root dry weight under stress conditions was observed in Rizhaw (69.22 g/g) and the lowest value was observed in Sadra (60.46 g/g). The highest and lowest value of potassium in the plant under drought stress was obtained in Rizhaw (30.73 mg/pot) and Sirvan (28.73 mg/pot) cultivars, respectively. The maximum value of available potassium in rhizosheath under drought stress was measured in Mihan (147.45 mg kg-1) and the minimum value in Rizhaw (134.07 mg kg-1).

Conclusion:

 According to the results, there was no significant difference between the cultivars in rhizosheath formation under drought stress conditions, and all of them had the same and high ability to form rhizosheath, and as a result, they were able to act similar in potassium absorption at this condition. Also, different cultivars had similar transpiration rates under drought stress due to the same ability to form rhizosheath. Further studies are recommended with different wheat cultivar and other agronomic and horticultural crops.

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Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
Volume 55, Issue 7
September 2024
Pages 1063-1078

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