Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1
Soil Science Department,,Faculty of Agriculture,,University of Tabriz, Tabriz ,Iran
2
Soil Science Department,, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, ,Iran
3
Soil and Water Department, Research and Education Center of Agricultural and Natural Resources of Kermanshah, Agricultural Research Education and Extension, Kermanshah,Iran Organization(AREEO), Kermanshah, Iran
4
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
5
Soil Science Dept, Faculty of Agriculture,University of Tabriz
Abstract
In this study, the effect of biochar, leonardite, and coal was investigated on humification and germination index, and the concentration of some elements in the co-composting of manure and forest organic materials. The experiment was conducted in a factorial design with two factors, namely treatments at two levels (2 and 4% by weight) mixed with the raw materials and time was the second factor. Sampling was carried out during the composting process in the first to 12 weeks, measuring temperature, EC, C/N ratio, nitrate and total concentrations of P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn, humification and germination index in the compost. The results showed that the coal (2%) had the highest temperature, while the leonardite (2%) had the longest thermophilic phase period. The coal (4%) led to a significant increase in EC, and biochar increased nitrate concentration and C/N ratio. The addition of leonardite resulted in a significant increase in humic and fulvic acids concentrations, as well as the highest values of humification and of polymerization index. The additives did not have a significant effect on germination index and the E3/E5 and E4/E6 ratios. The control had higher concentrations of measured elements compared to other treatments. The results of this study suggest that, considering the cost of raw materials, coal is a suitable treatment for accelerating the production and improving the quality of compost, and leonardite, due to its high humic substrate, can be used at the end of composting for enrichment of the produced compost.
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