Zoning Plains of Karkheh Catchment in Kermanshah Province Based on the Enhanced Agricultural Water Poverty Index

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources,College of Agriculture and Natural Resources,Faculty of Economics & Agricultural Development, University of Tehran

2 Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources,College of Agriculture and Natural Resources,Faculty of Economics & Agricultural Development, University of Tehran

Abstract

Karkheh catchment in Kermanshah province is considered as one of the agricultural potential areas of Iran, thanks to its rich water and soil resources. However, the management of water resources at the farm level is not optimal. In order to improving the management of water resources in this area, achieving a comprehensive understanding of the status of water resources is essential. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to zoning the plains of Karkheh catchment in Kermanshah province based on the Enhanced Agricultural Water Poverty Index. In this study, from 12 plains of Karkheh catchment in Kermanshah province, 6 plains including: Islamabad Gharb, Kermanshah, Ravansar-Sanjabi, Mahidasht, Biston-Dinavar and Kangavar were selected based on different climates. In order To evaluate the Enhanced Agricultural Water Poverty Index, 41 positive and negative sub-indices were used. Using the Savara method based on opinions of 15 experts in water affairs and soil and water management of Jihad Keshavarzi and Kermanshah Environmental Protection Organization the Weighting of each of the criteria and related indicators was calculated and the Enhanced Agricultural Water Poverty Index was calculated using the formula of this index for each mentioned plains. The zoning results of the studied plains showed that Ravansar-Sanjabi and Mahidasht plains with a score of 0.383 and 0.394, respectively, had more unfavorable situation and Biston-Dinavar plains and Islamabad with a score of 0.517 and 0.485, respectively, had more suitable situation than other plains studied. Finally, in order to improving water poverty index in studied area some recommendations including: implementation of watershed management and aquifer feeding plans, limiting the uncontrolled use of groundwater resources, supporting the development of irrigation methods based on pressurized irrigation technologies and modifying and changing Cultivation pattern towards low water crops was recommended.

Keywords


Asiabi Hir, R., & Mostafazadeh, R., & Raoof, M., & Esmaliouri, A. (2018). Multi-criteria evaluation of water poverty index spatial variations in some watersheds of Ardabil Province. Iranian Journal of Ecohydrology, 4(4), 997-1009. (In Farsi)
Atkins, J. P., Burdon, D., Elliott, M., & Gregory, A. J. (2011). Management of the marine environment: integrating ecosystem services and societal benefits with the DPSIR framework in a systems approach. Marine pollution bulletin, 62(2), 215-226.
Bidone, E. D., & Lacerda, L. D. (2004). The use of DPSIR framework to evaluate sustainability in coastal areas. Case study: Guanabara Bay basin, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Regional Environmental Change, 4(1), 5-16.
Connor, R. (2015). The United Nations world water development report 2015: water for a sustainable world (Vol. 1). UNESCO publishing.
Forouzani, M., & Karami, E. (2011). Agricultural water poverty index and sustainability. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 31(2), 415-431. (In Farsi)
Forouzani, M., Karami, E., & Zamani, G. (2013). Agricultural water poverty in Marvdasht County, Southern Iran. Water Policy, 15, 669-690. (In Farsi)
Forouzani, M., Karami, E., Zibaei, M., & Zamani, G. H. (2012). Agricultural water poverty index for a sustainable world. In Farming for Food and Water Security (pp. 127-155). Springer, Dordrecht.
Gamasiab Consulting Engineers Co. (2013). Explanatory reports on the ban and extension of the ban on the development of exploitation of groundwater resources in the plains of the study areas of Kermanshah province. Kermanshah Regional Water Company
Giné Garriga, R., & Pérez Foguet, A. (2010). The enhanced Water Poverty Index: targeting the water poor at different scales. In WISA 2010 Biennial Conference.
Hemmati, B., & Forouzani, M., & Yazdanpanah, M., & Khosravipour, B. (2019). Measuring Agricultural Water Poverty Index among Irrigated wheat Growers in Dezful County. Journal of AgrIcultural SCience (University of Tabriz), 29(1), 285-304. (In Farsi)
Iran Water Resources Management Company. (2012). Instructions and criteria for classification and coding of catchments and study areas in Iran. Technical system affairs of the Vice President for Strategic Planning and Supervision. No 310, p6.
Keršuliene, V., Zavadskas, E. K., & Turskis, Z. (2010). Selection of rational dispute resolution method by applying new step‐wise weight assessment ratio analysis (SWARA). Journal of business economics and management, 11(2), 243-258.
Komnenic, V., Ahlers, R., & Van Der Zaag, P. (2009). Assessing the usefulness of the water poverty index by applying it to a special case: Can one be water poor with high levels of access? Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 34(4-5), 219-224.
Namara, R. E., Hanjra, M. A., Castillo, G. E., Ravnborg, H. M., Smith, L., & Van Koppen, B. (2010). Agricultural water management and poverty linkages. Agricultural water management, 97(4), 520-527.
Rockström, J., Folke, C., Gordon, L., Hatibu, N., Jewitt, G., De Vries, F. P., & Schulze, R. (2004). A watershed approach to upgrade rainfed agriculture in water scarce regions through Water System Innovations: an integrated research initiative on water for food and rural livelihoods in balance with ecosystem functions. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 29(15-18), 1109-1118.
Sharifzadegan, M., nedaie tousi, S., Jamali, F. (2017). Identifying Regional Development Limitations: Application of Water Poverty Index to Qazvin Province of Iran. Geography and Environmental Planning, 28(1), 151-170. (In Farsi)
Sullivan, C. A., Meigh, J. R., & Giacomello, A. M. (2003, August). The water poverty index: development and application at the community scale. In Natural resources forum (Vol. 27, No. 3, pp. 189-199). Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Talebi, H., & Amini, A. (2019). Investigating the Dimensions of Water Scarcity Using the Water Poverty Index (WPI) and its Comparative Analysis in Qom District. Town and Country Planning, 10(2), 345-366. (In Farsi)
Villholth, K., & Giordano, M. (2007). Groundwater use in a global perspective–can it be managed. The agricultural groundwater revolution: opportunities and threats to development, (3), 393-402.
Water, U. N. (2018). 2018 UN World Water Development Report, Nature-based Solutions for Water.
Zarafshani, K. & Saadvandi, M. (2017). Determining agricultural water poverty index in Kermanshah Province: The case of Mahidasht Basin. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, (19), 541-552. (In Farsi)