Influence of Rice Husk Biomass and Its Biochar on Some Enzymatic Activities in a Calcareous Sandy Soil

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Soil science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Iran

2 Carbon Management and Sequestration Center, The Ohio State University, USA

3 School of Material Science and Engineering, University of NSW, Sydney, Australia,

4 Faculty of Landscape Management, University of Applied Sciences Dresden, Germany

Abstract

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of rice husk biomass (RH) and its biochar (RHBC) on some chemical properties and enzymatic activities involved in carbon and phosphorus cycling of a calcareous sandy soil (control, U) after two (M2), four (M4), eight (M8), and twelve (M12) months incubation. For this purpose, a factorial experiment with a randomized complete block design and four replications and two treatments (RH and RHBC) was performed. Three levels of organic amendments (L1= 1.25%, L2= 2.5% and L3= 5%) were added to the soil. The results showed that the amount of soil organic carbon (SOC) was significantly (p < 0.001) affected by the types of organic amendments, their application rate and incubation time. The highest and the lowest values of SOC were observed in RHBCL3M2 and RHL1M12 treatments with 96.3% and 73.2% increase as compared to the control treatment, respectively. The trend of changes in SOC and TN was similar and decreased with incubation time. The highest and the lowest activity of β-glucosidase were corresponded to the treatments of RHL3M12 (1.6 μgPNP.gr-1h-1) and RHBCL1M2 (0.6 μgPNP.gr-1h-1), respectively. The RHBCL3M8 and RHL1M2 treatments exhibited the highest (590.6 mg Glu.g-13h-1) and the lowest (109.6 mg Glu.g-13h-1) invertase enzyme activity, respectively. So that, the highest enzyme activity was observed in 8th month of incubation. The highest activity of alkaline and acid phosphatases activities were found in RHL3M12 treatment which were 78.1% and 81.7% higher than that in control treatment, respectively. In general, the addition of good quality biochars to the soil could be a very good source for compensation of soil organic carbon deficiency and thereby improving chemical and biochemical properties and soil health, because of its higher carbon content than its biomass. Therefore, based on the effects of rice biomass and its biochar on the increasing of SOC content as well as enzymatic activities, these organic amendments are suggested to improve the quality of sandy soils.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Acosta-Martínez, V., S. Klose, Zobeck, T.M. (2003). Enzyme activities in semiarid soils under Conservation Reserve Program, native rangeland, and cropland. Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 166, 699-707.
Acosta-Martinez, V., Sotomayor, D., Alegría, L.R.P. (2007). Enzyme Activities as Affected by Soil Properties and Land Use in a Tropical Watershed. Journal of Applied Soil Ecology, 35(1), 35-45.
Adetunji, A.T., Lewu, F.B., Mulidzi, R., Ncube, B. (2017). The biological activities of β-glucosidase, phosphatase and urease as soil quality indicators: a review. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 17 (3), 794-807.
Alef, K., Nannipieri, P. (1995). Methods in Applied Soil Microbiology and Biochemistry, Acad. Press.
Allison, S.D., Chacon, S.S. German, D.P. (2014). Substrate concentration constraints on microbial decomposition. Journal of Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 79, 43-49.
Alshankiti, A., Gill, S. (2016). Integrated Plant Nutrient Management for Sandy Soil Using Chemical Fertilizers, Compost, Biochar and Biofertilizers - Case Study in UAE. Arid Land Studies, 26 (3): 101-106.
Antonious, G.F. (2018). Biochar and Animal Manure Impact on Soil, Crop Yield and Quality. In Agricultural Waste and Residues. IntechOpen, 45-67.
Bahrami, A., Emadodin, I., Atashi, M.R., Bork, H.R. (2010). Land-use change and soil degradation: A case study, North of Iran. Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America, 1(4): 600-605.
Balba, A.M. (2018). Management of problem soils in arid ecosystems. 1st edition. 272 pages. Ebook ISBN: 9780203748411.
Balota, E.L., Chaves, J.C.D. (2010). Enzymatic activity and mineralization of carbon and nitrogen in soil cultivated with coffee and green manures. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 34(5), 1573-1583.
Barrow, C.J. (2012). Biochar: potential for countering land degradation and for improving agriculture. Applied Geography, 34, 21-28.
Bingham, A.H., Cotrufo, M.F. (2016). Organic nitrogen storage in mineral soil: implications for policy and management. Science of the Total Environment, 551-552, 116-126.
Bista, P., Ghimire, R., Machado, S., and Pritchett, L. (2019). Biochar Effects on Soil Properties and Wheat Biomass vary with Fertility Management. Agronomy, 9 (10), 623.
Black, C.A., Evans, D.D., Dinauer, R.C. (1965). Methods of soil analysis. (Madison, WI: American Society of Agronomy), 9, 653-708.
Blanco-Canqui, H., Lal, R. (2009). Crop Residue removal impacts on soil productivity and environmental quality. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 28, 139-163.
Bouyoucos, G.J. (1962). Hydrometer method improved for making particle size analyses of soils. Agronomy, 54(5): 464-465.
Brewer, C.E., Schmidt-Rohr, K., Satrio, J.A., Brown, R.C. (2009). Characterization of biochar from fast pyrolysis and gasification systems. Environmental Progress and Sustainable Energy, 28, 386-396.
Burns, R.G., DeForest, J.L., Marxsen, J., Sinsabaugh, R.L., Stromberger, M.E., Wallenstein, M.D., Weintraub, M.N., Zoppini, A. (2013). Soil enzymes in a changing environment: current knowledge and future directions. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 58, 216-234.
Burrell, L.D., Zehetner, F., Rampazzo, N., Wimmer, B., Soja, G. (2016). Long term effects of biochar on soil physical properties. Geoderma, 282, 96-102.
Busscher, W.J., Novak, J.M., Evans, D.E., Watts, D.W., Niandou, M.A.S., Ahmedna, M. (2010). Influence of pecan biochar on physical properties of a Norfolk loamy sand. Soil Science, 175, 10-14.
Caravaca, F., Barea, J.M., Figueroa, D., Roldán, A. (2002). Assessing the effectiveness of mycorrhizal inoculation and soil compost addition for enhancing reaforestation with Olea europaea subsp. sylvestris through changes in soil biological and physical parameters. Applied Soil Ecology, 20, 107-118.
Carter, M.R., Gregorich, E.G., (2008). Soil Sampling and Methods of Analysis. Second ed. CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, Boca Raton.
Chapman, H.D. (1965). Cation-exchange capacity. Methods of soil analysis Part 2 Chemical and microbiological properties, 891-901.
Chivenge, P.P., Murwira, H.K., Giller, K.E., Mapfumo, P., Six, J. (2007). Long-term impact of reduced tillage and residue management on soil carbon stabilization: implications for conservation agriculture on contrasting soils. Soil and Tillage Research, 94, 328-337.
Condron, L.M., Turner, B., Cade-Menun, B.J. (2005). Chemistry and Dynamics of Soil Organic Phosphorus. In Phosphorus: Agriculture and the Environment, eds Sims, J.T., Sharpley, A.N., editors. (Madison, WI: American Society of Agronomy), 87-121.
Croker J, Poss R, Hartman C, Bhuthorndharaj S. (2004). Effects of recycled bentonite addition on soil properties, plant growth, and nutrient uptake in a tropical sandy soil. Plant Soil. 267: 155-163.
Darzi-Naftchali, A., Shahnazari, A., Karandish, F. (2017). Nitrogen loss and its health risk in paddy fields under different drainage managements. Paddy and Water Environment, 15(1), 145-157.
De Luca, T.H., MacKenzie, M.D., Gundale, M.J. (2009). Biochar effects on soil nutrient transformations. In Biochar for environmental management, Science and technology, (Ed. Lehmann, J., Joseph, S.), 251-270. (Earthscan: London).
Dotaniya, M.L., and Meena, V.D. (2013). Rhizosphere effect on nutrient availability in soil and its uptake by plants- a review. Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences, 85 (1), 1-12.
Dotaniya, M.L., Pingoliya, K.K., Meena, H.M., Prasad, D. (2013a). Status and rational use of rock phosphate in agricultural crop production- a review. Agriculture Sustainable Development, 1 (1), 103–108.
Dotaniya, M.L., Prasad, D., Meena, H.M., Jajoria, D.K., Narolia, G.P., Pingoliya, K.K., Meena, O.P., Kumar, K., Meena, B.P., Ram, A., Das, H., Chari, M.S., Pal, S. (2013b). Influence of phytosiderophore on iron and zinc uptake and rhizospheric microbial activity. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 7 (51), 5781-5788.
Du, Z., Wang, Y., Huang, J., Lu, N., Liu, X., Lou, Y., Zhang, Q. (2014). Consecutive biochar application alters soil enzyme activities in the winter wheat–growing season. Soil Science, 179(2), 75-83.
Eivazi, F., Tabatabai, M.A. (1977). Phosphatases in soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 9(3), 167-172.
Eivazi, F., Tabatabai, M.A. (1988). Glucosidases and galactosidases in soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 20, 601-606.
Elzobair, K.A., Stromberger, M.E., Ippolito, J.A., Lentz, R.D. (2016). Contrasting effects of biochar versus manure on soil microbial communities and enzyme activities in an Aridisol. Chemosphere, 142, 145-152.
Fathi Gerdelidani, A., Mirseyed Hosseini, H., & Farahbakhsh, M. (2016). Effect of spent mushroom compost (SMC) and sugar cane bagasse biochar on availability and fractions of inorganic phosphorus in a calcareous soil. Journal of Agricultural Engineering, 39(1), 127-177. (In Persian).
Foster, E.J., Hansen, N., Wallenstein, M., Cotrufo, M.F. (2016). Biochar and manure amendments impact soil nutrients and microbial enzymatic activities in a semi-arid irrigated maize cropping system. Agriculture, ecosystems and environment, 233, 404-414.
Galvez, A., Sinicco, T., Cayuela, M.L., Mingorance, M.D., Fornasier, F., Mondini, C. (2012). Short term effects of bioenergy by-products on soil C and N dynamics, nutrient availability and biochemical properties. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 160, 3-14.
Ghani, W.A.W.A.K., Mohd, A., da Silva, G., Bachmann, R. T., Taufiq-Yap, Y.H., Rashid, U., Al-Muhtaseb, A.H. (2013). Biochar production from waste rubberwood- sawdust and its potential use in C sequestration: Chemical and physical characterization. Industrial Crops and Products, 44, 18-24.
Gianfreda, L. (2015). Enzymes of importance to rhizosphere processes. Journal of soil science and plant nutrition, 15 (2), 283-306.
Glaser, B., Lehmann, J., Zech, W. (2002). Ameliorating physical and chemical properties of highly weathered soils in the tropics with charcoal- a review. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 35, 219-230.
Günal, E., Erdem, H., Demirbaş, A. (2018). Effects of three biochar types on activity of β-glucosidase enzyme in two agricultural soils of different textures. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 64 (14), 1963-1974.
Hemwong, S., Cadisch, G., Toomsan, B., Limpinuntana, V., Vityakon, P., Patanothai A. (2008). Dynamics of residue decomposition and N2 fixation of rain legumes upon sugarcane residue retention as an alternative to burning. Soil and Tillage Research, 99, 84-97.
Hu, J., Lin, X., Wang, J., Dai, J., Chen, R., Zhang, J., Wong, M. H. (2011). Microbial functional diversity, metabolic quotient, and invertase activity of a sandy loam soil as affected by long-term application of organic amendment and mineral fertilizer. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 11(2), 271-280.
Huang, D., Liu, L., Zeng, G., Xu, P., Huang, C., Deng, L., Wang, R., Wan, J. (2017). The effects of rice straw biochar on indigenous microbial community and enzymes activity in heavy metalcontaminated sediment. Chemosphere, 174, 545-553.
Kai, M., Takazumi, K., Adachi, H., Wasaki, J., Shinano, T., Osaki, M. (2002). Cloning and characterization of four phosphate transporter cDNAs in tobacco. Plant Science, 163(4), 837-846.
Kjeldahl, J. (1883). A New Method for the Determination of Nitrogen in Organic Matter. Zeitschrift für Analytische Chemie, 22, 366-382.
Kussainova, M., Durmuş, M., Erkoçak, A., Kızılkaya, R. 2013. Soil dehydrogenase activity of natural macro aggregates in a toposequence of forest soil. Eurasian Journal of Soil Science, 2, 69-75.
Laghari, M., Mirjat, M.S., Hu, Z., Fazal, S., Xiao, B., Hu, M., Chen, Z., Guo, D. (2015). Effects of biochar application rate on sandy desert soil properties and sorghum growth. Catena, 135, 313-320.
Lal, R. (2004). Soil carbon sequestration impacts on global climate change and food security. Sience, 304 (5677), 1623-1627.
Lehmann, J., Gaunt, J., & Rondon, M. (2006). Bio-char sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems–a review. Mitigation and adaptation strategies for global change, 11(2), 403-427.
Lemanowicz, J. (2018). Dynamics of phosphorus content and the activity of phosphatase in forest soil in the sustained nitrogen compounds emissions zone. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25, 33773-33782.
Lemanowicz, J., Bartkowiak, A. (2013). Diagnosis of the content of selected heavy metals in the soils of the Paluki region against their enzymatic activity. Archives Environmental Protection, 39, 23-32.
Liang, B., Lehmann, J., Sohi, S. P., Thies, J. E., O’Neill, B., Trujillo, L., et al. (2010). Black carbon affects the cycling of non-black carbon in soil. Organic Geochemistry, 41, 206-213.
Luo X, Wang L, Liu G, Wang X, Wang Z, Zheng H. (2016). Effects of biochar on carbon mineralization of coastal wetland soils in the Yellow River Delta, China. Ecological Engineering, 94, 329-336.
Ma, X., Zhou, B., Budai, A., Jeng, A., Hao, X., Wei, D., Zhang, Y., and Rasse, D. (2016). Study of Biochar Properties by Scanning Electron Microscope –Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). Communications in Soil Sciences and Plant Analysis, 47 (5), 593-601.
Masto, R.E., Ansari, M.A., George, J., Selvi, V.A., Ram, L.C. (2013). Co-application of biochar and lignite fly ash on soil nutrients and biological parameters at different crop growth stages of Zea mays. Ecological Engineering, 58, 314-322.
Matsuoka, M. (2006). Atributos biológicos de solos cultivados com videira na Região da Serra Gaucha. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Porto Alegre/RS. (Dissertação de mestrado).
McHenry, M.P. (2009). Agricultural bio-char production, renewable energy generation and farm carbon sequestration in Western Australia: Certainty, uncertainty and risk. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 129 (1-3), 1-7.
Merino, A., Fernández-López, A., Solla-Gullón, F., Edeso, J.M. (2004). Soil changes and tree growth in intensively managed Pinus radiata in northern Spain. Forest Ecology and Management, 196 (2-3), 393-404.
Meyer-Kohlstock, D. Schmitz, T., Kraft, E. (2015). OrganicWaste for Compost and Biochar in the EU: Mobilizing the Potential. Resources, 4(3), 457-475.
Nelson, D.W., Sommers, L.E. (1982). Total Carbon, Organic matter. In: A. L. Page et al. (Ed.), Method of Soil Analysis. Part 2. 2nd ed. ASA and SSSA. Madison, WI.Agron. Monger, 9, 539-577.
Nelson, D.W., Sommers, L.E. 1996. Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 3. Chemical Methods. Soil Science Society of America Book, 5, 961-1010.
Nelson, R.E. (1982). Carbonate and gypsum. Methods of soil analysis. Part 2. 2nd ed. Agron. Monogr. 9. ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI. Agronomy, 9, 181-197.
Nidiaye, E.L., Sandeno, J.M., McGrath, D., Dick, R.P. (2000). Intergarvity biological indicators for detecting change in soil quality. American Journal of Alternative Agriculture, 15, 26-36.
Olander, L.P., Vitousek, P.M. (2000). Regulation of soil phosphatase and chitinase activity by N and P availability. Biogeochemistry, 49, 175-190.
Peng, X., Ye, L.L., Wang, C.H., Zhou, H., Sun, B. (2011). Temperature- and duration-dependent rice straw-derived biochar: characteristics and its effects on soil properties of an Ultisol in southern China. Soil and Tillage Research, 112, 159-166.
Piotrowska-Długosz, A., Wilczewski, E. (2014). Soil Phosphatase Activity and Phosphorus Content as Influenced by Catch Crops Cultivated as Green Manure. Polish Journal Environmental Studies, 23 (1), 157-165.
Qambrani, N. A., Rahman, M. M., Won, S., Shim, S., and Ra, C. (2017). Biochar properties and eco-friendly applications for climate change mitigation, waste management, and wastewater treatment: a review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Review, 79, 255-273.
Roozitalab, M.H., Siadat, H., Farshad, A. (2018). The Soils of Iran. First ed. Springer, Switzerland: Springer, Cham.
Saha, S., Mina, B., Gopinath, K., Kundu, S., Gupta, H. (2008). Organic amendments affect biochemical properties of a subtemperate soil of the Indian Himalayas. Nutrient cycling in Agroecosystems, 80(3), 233-242.
Sajal, R., Abul Kashem, M.D. (2014). Effects of organic manures in changes of some soil properties at different incubation periods. Open Journal of Soil Science, 4, 81-86.
Schmidt, M.W.I., Noack, A.G. (2000). Black carbon in soils and sediments: Analysis, distribution, implications and current challenges. Global Biogeochemical Cycle, 14, 777-793.
Septien, S., Valin, S., Peyrot, M., Spindler, B., Salvador, S. (2013). Influence of steam on gasification of millimetric wood particles in a drop tube reactor: Experiments and modelling. Fuel, 103, 1080-1089.
Silva, J.C., Gouveia, E.R. (2008). Algumas propriedades de endoglucanases produzidas por Streptomyces spp. em meio à base de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar. Revista Brasileira de Tecnologia Agroindustrial, 2, 60-70.
Sinsabaugh, R.L., Hill, B.H., Follstad, Shah, J.J. (2009). Ecoenzymatic stoichiometry of microbial nutrient acquisition in soil and sediment. Nature, 462, 795-798.
Sohi, S. P., Krull, E., Lopez-Capel, E., Bol, R. (2010). A review of biochar and its use and function in soil. In Advances in agronomy, 105, 47-82.
Soil Survey Staff. (2014). Keys to Soil Taxonomy, 12th ed. USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service, Washington, DC.
Song, W., Guo, M. (2012). Quality variations of poultry litter biochar generated at different pyrolysis temperature. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 94, 138-145.
Spokas K., Baker, J., Reicosky, D. (2010). Ethylene: potential key for biochar amendment impacts. Plant and Soil, 333, 443-452.
Steiner, C., de Arruda, M.R., Teixeira, W.G., Zech, W. (2007). Soil respiration curves as soil fertility indicators in perennial central Amazonian plantations treated with charcoal, and mineral or organic fertilisers. Tropical Science, 47(4), 218-230.
Sun Z, Bruun EW, Arthur E, de Jonge LW, Moldrup P, Hauggaard-Nielsen H, Elsgaard L. (2014). Effect of biochar on aerobic processes, enzyme activity, and crop yields in two sandy loam soils. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 50(7), 1087-1097.
Tabatabai A. (1994). Soil enzymes. In Weaver, R.W., Angle, J.S., Bottomley, P.S. (Ed.). Methods of soil analyses. Part 2. Microbiological and biochemical properties. 2nd ed. Madison: Soil Science Society of America, 775-833.
Tabatabai, M.A., Bremner, J.M., (1969). Use of p-nitrophenyl phosphate for assay of soil phosphatase activity. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 1, 301-307.
Thies, J.E., Rillig, M.C., Graber, E.R. (2015). Biochar effects on the abundance, activity and diversity of the soil biota. In Biochar for environmental management: science, technology and implementation, 2nd edition, 327-389.
Tian, L., Shi, W. (2014). Short-term effects of plant litter on the dynamics, amount, and stoichiometry of soil enzyme activity in agroecosystems. European Journal of Soil Biology, 65, 23-29.
Usman, A.R.A., Al-Wabel, M.I., Ok, Y.S., Al-Harbi, A., Wahb-Allah, M., El-Naggar, A.H., Ahmad, M., Al-Faraj, A., Al-Omran, A. (2016). Conocarpus biochar induces changes in soil nutrient availability and tomato growth under saline irrigation. Pedosphere, 26, 27-38.
Uzoma, K.C., Inoue, M., Andry, H., Fujimaki, H., Zahoor, A., Nishihara, E. (2011). Effect of cow manure biochar on maize productivity under sandy soil condition. Soil Use and Management, 27(2), 205-212.
Wang, J.Y., Pan, X.J., Liu, Y.L., Zhang, X.L., Xiong, Z.Q. (2012). Effects of biochar amendment in two soils on greenhouse gas emissions and crop production. Plantand Soil, 360, 287-298.
Wang, M., Markert, B., Shen, W., Chen, W., Peng, C., Ouyang, Z. (2011). Microbial biomass carbon and enzyme activities of urban soils in Beijing. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 18 (6): 958-967.
Wang, X., Zhou, W., Liang, G., Song, D., Zhang, X. (2015). Characteristics of maize biochar with different pyrolysis temperatures and its effects on organic carbon, nitrogen and enzymatic activities after addition to fluvo-aquic soil. Science of the Total Environment, 538, 137-144.
Wang, Y., Zhang, L., Liu, D. (2003). Relationship among soil enzyme activities, vegetation state, and soil chemical properties of coal cinder yard. Chineese Journal of Applied Ecology, 14, 110-112.
Wyszkowska, J., Kucharski, J., Lajszner, W. (2005). Enzymatic Activities in Different Soils Contaminated with Copper. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 14(5).
Yao, F.X., Arbestain, M.C., Virgel, S., Blanco, F., Arostegui, J., Macia-Agullo, J.A., Macias, F. (2009). Simulated geochemical weathering of a mineral ash-rich biochar in amodified Soxhlet reactor. Chemosphere, 80, 724-732.
Yost, J.L., Hartemink, A.E. (2019). Effects of carbon on moisture storage in soils of the Wisconsin Central Sands, USA. European Journal of Soil Science, 70, 565-577.
Yuan, J.H., Xu, R.K., Qian, W., Wang, R.H. (2011). Comparison of the ameliorating effects on an acidic ultisol between four crop straws and their biochars. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 11(5), 741-750.
Zhao, X., Wang, S.Q., Xing, G.X. (2014). Nitrification, acidification, and nitrogen leaching from subtropical cropland soils as affected by rice straw-based biochar: laboratory incubation and column leaching studies. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 14, 471-482.
Zhao, X., Yang, Y., Shen, H., Geng, X., Fang, J. (2019). Global soil–climate–biome diagram: linking surface soil properties to climate and biota. Biogeosciences, 16, 2857-2871.
Zheng, H., Liu, Y., Zhang, J., Chen, Y., Yang, L., Li, H., Wang, L. (2018). Factors influencing soil enzyme activity in China’s forest ecosystems. Plant ecology, 219(1), 31-44.
Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
Volume 51, Issue 7
September 2020
Pages 1841-1855

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics