برآورد تبخیرتعرق پتانسیل در اقلیم‌های مختلف ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دوره دکتری آبیاری و زهکشی، گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی(ره)، قزوین، ایران

2 استادیار گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی(ره)، قزوین، ایران

چکیده

مدل­های زیادی بر مبنای گروه­های رطوبتی، تشعشعی، دمایی و ترکیبی در برآورد تبخیرتعرق وجود دارد. هدف اصلی این تحقیق کالیبراسیون روش­های تبخیرتعرق و انتخاب بهترین روش، تحت شرایط اقلیمی متفاوت در استان­های ایران است. در این تحقیق، اقدام به جمع­­آوری داده­های هواشناسی از 10 ایستگاه سینوپتیک در استان­های ایران شده است و در مقایسه­ای که بین نتایج  تبخیرتعرق محاسبه شده بر مبنای چهار گروه تجربی موجود و داد­های مشاهداتی لایسیمتر برای انتخاب بهترین مدل در استان­های مورد بررسی صورت گرفت، بر اساس اقلیم­های متفاوتی که در کشور ایران وجود دارد، در استان­هایی با اقلیم خشک و نیمه­خشک روش Hargreaves-Samani, 1985 با مقدار همبستگیR2 <94/0 و مقدار RMSE < 1 mm/day در هفت استان مورد بررسی به­عنوان روش برتر شناحته شد. در حالیکه در استان­های مرزی و حومه دریای خزر با اقلیم (معتدل و مرطوب)، روش­های گروه رطوبتی نتایج مناسبی را از خود ارائه دادند و در بین آن­ها نیز روش Albrecht (1950) به‌منزله بهترین روش در این استان­ها انتخاب شد. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Estimation of Potential Evaporationspiration in Different Climates of Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Bahareh Bahman Abadi 1
  • Abbas Kaviani 2
1 Ph.D student candidate in irrigation and drainage, Dept. of Water Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Resources, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
2 Assistant Professor in Dept. of Water Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Resources, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
چکیده [English]

There are different models for estimation of evaporationspiration that are based on humidity, radiation, temperature and compound groups. The main purpose of this study is to calibrate the evaporationspiration methods and to select the best one for different climatical conditions in provinces of Iran. Meteorological data were collected from 10 synoptic stations in provinces of Iran. The comparison among the potential evaporationspiration, calculated based on the available four experimental groups and observational lysimeter data, for selection of the best model showed that the Hargreaves-Samani method (1985) with R2< 0.94 and RMSE < 1mm/day was the superior one in the proposed seven provinces and was identified as the best method in the provinces with dry and semi-arid climate. While, the humid methods showed proper results in central provinces and Caspian Sea basin (with moderate and humid climate) and Albrecht (1950) method was selected as the best method among them in these provinces.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Evapotranspiration
  • Temperature
  • Radiation
  • Humidity
  • Combination methods
Albrecht, F. (1950). Die methoden zur bestimmung der verdunstung der naturlichen erdober flache. Arch. Meteor. Geophys. Bioklim. Ser. B2, 138.
Allen, G.R., (2003). Crop coefficients. In: Stewart, B.A., Howell, T.A. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Water Science. Marcel Dekker Publishers. New York, pp. 87–90.
Allen, R.G. Pereira, LS. Raes, D.Smith M. (1998). Crop evapotranspiration. Guidelines for computing crop water requirements. FAO irrigation and drainage. Paper no. 56. FAO, Rome
Arellano, M.G. Irmak, S. ASCE.M. (2016). Potential Evapotranspiration. Comparison of Temperature, Radiation, and Combination-Based Energy Balance Equations in Humid, Sub humid, Arid, Semiarid, and Mediterranean-Type Climates.  Journal of Irrig. Drain Eng. 142(4)
Bakhtiari, B. Ghahreman, N. Liaghat, A. Grit, H. 2009. Evaluation of Reference Transpiration Evaporation Models Using Lysimetric Measurements in a Semi-Arid Climate. International Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology. Vol,13. P: 223-237.(In Farsi)
Barros, V.R. (2012) Avaliação da evapotranspiração utilizando o algoritmo SEBAL e imagens LANDSAT5-TM – Estudo de caso: bacia do rio Piabanha/RJ. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia Civil) – COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Rio de Janeiro, RJ.
Bastiaanssen, W.G.M.(2000). SEBAL-based sensible and latent heat fluxes in the irrigated Gediz Basin, Turkey. International Water Management Institute. Journal of Hydrology. p. 87–100
Berti, A., Tardivo, G., Chiaudani, A., Rech, F. and Borin, M. (2014), “Assessing reference evapotranspiration by the Hargreaves method in North-Eastern Italy”, Agricultural Water Management, Vol. 140, pp. 20-25.
Bethune. M, Selle.  B, Wang, Q. (2008). Understanding and predicting deep percolation under surface irrigation. Journal of Water Resour. 15(4). 120-134
Blaney, H.F., Criddle, W.D. (1950). Determining water requirements in irrigated areas from climatological and irrigation data. In: USDA soil Conserv. Serv., SCS-TP-96, 44Pp.
Dalton, J. ( 1802). Experimental essays on the constitutions of mixed gases; on the force of steam of vapor from waters and other liquids in different temperatures, both in a torricellian vacuum and in air; on evaporation; and on the expansion of gases by heat. Mem. Manch. Lit. Philos. Soc. 5, 535-602.
De Bruin, H.A.R., Keijman, J.Q. (1979). Priestley -Taylor evaporation model applied to a large, shallow lake in the Netherlands. Journal of Appl. Meteorol. 18, 898-903.
Djaman, K. Tabari, H. Blade, A.B. Diop. L, Futakuchi. K, Irmac. S, (2016). Analyses, calibration and validation of evapotranspiration models to predict grass-reference evapotranspiration in the Senegal river delta. Journal of hydrology: Regional studies, Vol.8, pp 82-94.
Doorenbos, J. Pruitt, W.O. (1977). Crop water requirements. In: Irrigation and drainage paper 24. FAO. Rome (Revised).
Farzanpour, H. Shiri, J. Sadraddini, A.A. Trajekovic, S. (2018). Global comparison of 20 reference evapotranspiration equations in a semi-arid region of Iran. Hydrology Research. doi: 10.2166/nh. 2018.174.
Feng, Y. Jia,Y. Cui, N. Zhao, L. Li, C. Gong, D. (2017). Calibration of Hargreaves model for reference evapotranspiration estimation in Sichuan basin of southwest China. Journal of Agricultural Water Management 181, 1–9.
Fernandes, L.C. (2006) Avaliação de diversas equações empíricas de evapotranspiração. Estudo de caso: Campos dos Goytacazes e Ilha do fundão-RJ .f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia Civil) – COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Rio de Janeiro, RJ.
Ghamarnia. H. Lorestani, M. (2019). Evaluating the efficiency of temperature empirical based methods for estimating evapotranspiration in different climate conditions (case study of Iran). Water and Irrigation
Management. Scientific Journal of Agriculture ,Vol. 8 , No. 2 , Autumn & Winter 2019. [In Persian]
Hamon, W.R. (1961). Estimating potential evapotranspiration. Journal of Hydrol. Div. Proc. Am. Soc. Civil. 87, pp 107-120.
Hansen, S., (1984). Estimation of potential and actual evapotranspiration. Nordic Hydrol. 15, 205–212,    http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.1984.017
Hargreaves GL, Samani ZA (1985) Reference crop evapotranspiration from temperature. Appl Eng Agric 1(2):96–99
Jensen, M.E., Haise, H.R. (1963). Estimating evapotranspiration from solar radiation. Proc. Journal of. Irrig. Drain. Div. Am. Soc. Civ. Eng. 89(4), pp 203-205
Joshani, A. Dastjerdi, J. Abyaneh, H. (2015). Evaluating Different Estimation methods of reference evapotranspiration with FAO Evaporation pan in both dry and Humid Climate of Caspian Sea Basin. Bull. Env. Journal ofPharmacol. Life Sci., Vol 4(2) 190-200
Kaviani. A, Ebrahimi, M. Khosravi, L. (2015). omparison of Evaluation of Potential Evapotranspiration Potentials of Blany-Criddel and Modified Blany-Criddel with Lysimetric Data (Case Study: Borazjan), Second National Conference on Water, Human and Land, Isfahan.(In Farsi)
Khoshravesh M. Gholami Sefid kouhi MA. Valipour M. (2015). Estimation of reference evapotranspiration using multivariate fractional polynomial, Bayesian regression, and robust regression models in three arid environments. Journal of Applied Water Science. doi: 10.1007/s13201-015-0368-x
Landeras G. Ortiz-Barredo A and Lopez IJ, (2008). Comparison of artificial neural network models and empirical and semi-empirical equations for daily reference evapotranspiration estimation in the Basque Country (northern Spain). A Journal of gricultural Water Management 95:553-565
Li, Sien. Kang, Shaozhong. Zhang, Lu. Zhang, Jianhua. Du, Taisheng. Tong, Ling. Ding, Risheng. (2016), Evaluation of six potential evapotranspiration models for estimating crop potential and actual evapotranspiration in arid region. Journal of Hydrology, 543(5), pp. 450-461.
Liu, X. Xu,C. Zhong,L. Yuan, X. Cao, J. 2017. Comparison of 16 models for reference crop evapotranspiration against weighing lysimeter measurement. Agricultural Water Management 184 (2017) 145–155
Mahringer, W. ( 1970). Verdunstungsstudien am neusiedler see. Journal of Theor. Appl. Clim. 18(1), pp1-20.
Makkink, G.F. (1957). Testing the Penman formula by means of lysimeters. Journal of Int. Water Eng. 11, pp 277-288.
Mc Cloud, D.E. (1955). Water requirements foe field crops in Florida as influenced by climate. Journal of Proc. Soil. Sci. Soc. Fla. 15, 165-172.
Nazari, R. Kaviani, A. (2015). Evaluation of potential evapotranspiration and evapotranspiration methods with alisimeter values in a climate Semi-dry( Case Study: Qazvin Plain ).J. Ecohydrology. Vol. 3. Pp:19-30. [In Persian]
Oudin,L.,Hervieu, F.Michel,C., Perrin, C., Andreassian, V., Anctil, F., Loumagne, C., 2005. Which potential evapotranspiration input for a lumped rainfall-runoff model? Part 2-Towards a simple and efficient potential evapotranspiration model for rainfall-runoff modelling. J.Hydrol.303,290–306, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.08.026
Penman, H.L. (1948). Natural evaporation from open water, bare soil and grass. Journal of Proc. R. Meteorol. Soc.193,pp 120-145.
Penman, L.H., (1963). Vegetation and Hydrology. Tech. Comm. No. 53, Commonwealth Bureau of Soils, Harpenden. England.,125
Perreira, LS. Allen, RG. Smith, M. Raes, D. (2014), Crop evapotranspiration estimation with FAO56: past and future, Agricultural water management.
Pooryazankhah, H. Razani Pour, T. Khaledian, M. Rezaee, M. (2011). Determining Appropriate Methods for Estimating Reference Evapotranspiration in Rasht Region. Third National Conference on Comprehensive Water Management. (In Farsi)
Priestley CHB, Taylor RJ (1972) On the assessment of surface heat flux and evapotranspiration using large scale parameters. MonWeather Rev 100:81–92
Rahimi J, Ebrahimpour M and Khalili A (2013) Spatial changes of extended De Martonne climatic zones affected by climate change in Iran. Theoretical and applied climatology. 112(3-4): 409-418
Ravazzani, G. Corbari, C. Morella, S. Gianoli, P. Moncini, M. (2012). Modified Hargreaves-Samani equation for the assessment of reference evapotranspiration in Alpine River Basins. Journal of Irrig. Drain. Eng. ASCE 138(7), 592-599.
Romanenko, V.A. (1961). Computation of the autumn soil moisture using a universal relationship for a large area. In: Proceedings, Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Research Institute, No.3, Kiev.
Sabziparvar, A.A, Tabari, H. (2014). Regional Estimation of Reference Evapotranspiration in Arid and Semiarid Regions. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, Vol. 136, No. 10
Schendel, U., (1967). Vegetations Wasserverbrauch und Wasserbedarf. Habilitation, Kiel, pp. 137
Shiri, J. (2018). Improving the performance of the mass transfer-based reference evapotranspiration estimation approaches through a coupled waveletrandom forest methodology. Journal of Hydrology 561 .pp737–750
Shuttleworth, W.J., 1993. Evaporation. Handbook of Hydrology, DR Maidment, Ed
Singh, V.P. Xu, C.Y. (1997). Evaluation and generalization of 133 mass transfer equations for determining free water evaporation. Journal of Hydrol. Process. 11, pp 311–323.
Tanha Pour, M. Ahmadpari, H. Hajizadeh, M. Karami, A. (2015). Evaluation of Different Evaluation Methods of Reference Evapotranspiration Based on Penman Monteith FAO Method in Bushehr Province. Future National Earth Observation Conference on Climate, Agriculture and Environment, Shiraz, Iran Modern Education Development Center. [In Persian]
Trabert, W. (1896). Neue Beobachtungen uber verdampfungsge schwindigkeiten. Meteorol. Z.13, 261-263.
Trajkovic, S. (2007). Hargreaves versus Penman-Monteith under humid conditions. Journal of Irrig. Draian. Eng. 133(1), 38-42.
Turc, L. (1961). Water requirements assessment of irrigation, potential evapotranspiration: simplified and updated climatic formula. Ann. Agronom. 12, 13-49.
Valiantzas, D.J. (2013a). Simplified forms for the standardized FAO-56 Penman-Monteith reference evapotranspiration using limited data. Journal of Hydrol. 505, 13-23.
Valiantzas JD (2013b). Simple ET0 forms of Penman’s equation without wind and/or humidity data. II: comparisons with reduced set-FAO and other methodologies. J Irrig Drain Eng 139(1):9–19
Valipour M (2015b) Calibration of mass transfer-based models to predict reference crop evapotranspiration. Journal of Applied Water Science. doi: 10.1007/s13201-015-0274-2
Valipour M (2015c) Analysis of potential evapotranspiration using limited weather data. AppliedWater Science. doi: 10.1007/s13201- 014-34-2
Xu, C.Y. Singh, V.P. (2002). Cross comparison of empirical equations for calculating potential evapotranspiration with data from Switzerland. Journal of WaterResour. Manage. 16 (3),pp 197–219
Zhang, Q. Cui, N. Feng, Y. Jia,Y. Zhao, L. Gong, D. (2018). Comparative Analysis of Global Solar Radiation Models in Different Regions of China. Journal of Advances in Meteorology Volume 2018, Article ID 3894831, 21 pages
Zorati pour, A. Soltani Mohammad, A. Zorati pour, A. 2018. Spatial and temporal monitoring of estimating evapotranspiration methods of refrence crop (case study: Khozestan province). J. Ecohydrology. Vol 2, p. 478-465. (In Farsi)