ارزیابی روند تبخیر- تعرق پتانسیل گیاه مرجع در حوضه آبریز قزل‌اوزن تحت شرایط تغییر اقلیم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

3 استاد، گروه مهندسی آب و محیط زیست، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

چکیده

حوضه قزل‌اوزن یکی از حوضه‏های مهم ایران در تأمین غلات مورد نیاز مردم می‏باشد. مقدار تبخیر- تعرق پتانسیل گیاه مرجع (ET0) در افق‏های 2030، 2050 و 2070 با دو سناریوی RCP4.5 (انتشار پایین) و RCP8.5 (انتشار بالا) ارزیابی شد. از خروجی چهار مدل GCM موجود در CMIP5 و ریزمقیاس نمایی آماری LARS-WG6 استفاده گردید. در این مطالعه، از آمار روزانه 2016-1989 شش ایستگاه همدید (زنجان، میانه، خلخال، زرینه، قروه و بیجار) استفاده شد. معنی‏داری اختلاف میانگین‏های‏ ET0 در دوره پایه با مقادیر نظیر هر یک از افق‏های آتی با آزمون تی استیودنت در سه مقیاس ماهانه، فصلی و سالانه در سطح 5 درصد آزمایش شد. روند تغییرات ET0 در سه مقیاس زمانی مذکور در دو دوره پایه و دوره آتی 2080-2021 (با هر دو سناریوی RCP) با روش مان- کندال (MK) در سطح 5 درصد تحلیل گردید. اثر ضرایب خودهمبستگی معنی‏دار در روش MK حذف شد. شیب خط روند با روش سن تخمین زده شد. نتایج نشان داد که در کل حوضه، براساس سناریوی RCP4.5 مقدار ET0 در افق‏های 2030، 2050 و 2070 به ترتیب 8/1، 7/3 و 7/5 درصد افزایش خواهد یافت. این رقم برای سناریوی RCP8.5 به ترتیب، 7/1، 4/5 و 1/9 درصد به‏دست آمد. بیشترین افزایش ET0 در ماه ژوئیه انتظار می‏رود. میزان ET0 سالانه در همه ایستگاه‏ها در آینده افزایش خواهد یافت. اختلاف میانگین‏های ET0 در ماه‏های ژوئن، ژوئیه، اوت، فصل تابستان و مقادیر سالانه آن در تمام دوره- سناریوها نسبت به دوره پایه معنی‏دار بودند. در دوره آتی، طبق هر دو سناریو در همه ایستگاه‏ها، روند ET0 سالانه صعودی بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessment of Potential Reference Crop Evapotranspiration Trend in Ghezel Ozan River Basin under Climate Change Conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Amin Sadeqi 1
  • Yagob Dinpashoh 2
  • Mahdi Zarghami 3
1 Master of Science, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
3 Professor, Department of Water and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Ghezel Ozan River Basin is one of the important basin in Iran, which supply people grains requirements. The amount of potential reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0) was evaluated with RCP4.5 (low emission) and RCP8.5 (high emission) scenarios on the horizons 2030, 2050, and 2070. The output of four GCM models in CMIP5 and the LARS-WG6 statistical downscaling were used. In this study, the daily historical records of six synoptic stations (namely Zanjan, Mianeh, Khalkhal, Zarrineh, Qorveh, and Bijar) from 1989-2016 were used. Differences of mean ET0 time series in the base and future time periods were tested using the t-test method in three-time scales (i.e. monthly, seasonal, and annual scales) at 5% significance level. Trends of ET0 in the proposed three-time scales were analyzed in the base and 2021-2080 periods with both RCP scenarios using the Mann-Kendall (MK) method at 5% significance level. The effect of significant autocorrelation coefficients was eliminated in MK method. The slope of trend lines was estimated by Sen’s estimator. Results showed in the whole basin, based on the RCP4.5 scenario in the horizons of 2030, 2050, and 2070, the amount of ET0 will be increased by 1.8%, 3.7%, and 5.7%, respectively. These records were about 1.7, 5.4, and 9.1 percent using the RCP8.5 scenario, respectively. The most increase in ET0 was observed for July. The annual ET0 values would be increased in the future in all stations. The mean differences of ET0 in June, July, August, summer, and annual time series with respect to the base time period were significant for all the stations and for all the future periods (under two RCP scenarios). In the future period, according to the both scenarios at all stations, the annual ET0 trend was upward.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • climate change
  • Evapotranspiration
  • Ghezel Ozan
  • RCP scenarios
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