Effect of Selenium-Enriched Biochar on Some Chemical Properties of Calcareous Soil Under Salinity Stress

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Khuzestan

2 Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Khuzestan, Iran

10.22059/ijswr.2024.380534.669776

Abstract

A basic solution to reduce the harmful effects of salinity stress is to apply biochar, which can be improved by modifying and enriching it. For this purpose, a completely randomized design experiment with three replications was conducted with treatments including salinity (2 and 6 dS/m) and biochar prepared from landscape waste at four levels (zero and 5% without enrichment, 5% enrichment with selenium at the rate of 20 and 60 mg/kg). Biochar enrichment decreased soil pH. Enriched biochar at the level of 60 mg/kg increased soil salinity. The amount of soil organic carbon increased proportionally by increasing biochar. The lowest amount of phosphorus was observed in the treatment of saline soil without biochar at the rate of 2.47 mg/kg, and the highest amount was observed in the treatment of non-saline soil containing 5% enriched biochar at the level of 60 mg/kg at the rate of 3.55 mg/kg. The amount of available potassium showed an increasing trend with increasing salinity levels. Enriching biochar with selenium reduced the positive effects of biochar on increasing the amount of potassium, especially in saline soil. In non-saline soil, biochar enrichment increased soluble sodium by 16.6% compared to non enrichment biochar, and increasing the level of enrichment did not show a significant effect. The change in the amount of solutes in the soil changed its chemical characteristics, and these changes were manifested in different ways under the influence of biochar and the level of enrichment.

Keywords

Main Subjects

EXTENDED ABSTRACT

 

Introduction

Soil salinity is one of the main stresses, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. It significantly reduces available land, production, and quality of agricultural products. Khuzestan province, with five percent of the country's soil resources, is one of the most suitable regions of Iran for agricultural development. The presence of salts in the parent materials, the high level of underground water, high evaporation, and low rainfall have caused the lands of Khuzestan to need intensive management to deal with salinity problems. One basic strategy for reducing the negative effects of salinity stress on plants is to use biochar. selenium has antioxidant properties and neutralizes oxygen free radicals in stress conditions, including salt stress. Considering that most past research has investigated the effects of biochar and enriched biochar on growth and plant production under different stresses, this study was considered to investigate the effect of selenium-enriched biochar on some chemical properties of soil under salinity stress.

Materials and Methods

The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications. For this purpose, a completely randomized design experiment with three replications was conducted with treatments including salinity (2 and 6 dS/m) and biochar prepared from landscape waste at four levels (zero (B0), 5% without enrichment (B5), 5% enrichment with selenium at the rate of 20 (B5Se20) and 60 mg/kg (B5Se60)). The required agricultural soil was collected from 0-30 cm depth. Basic physical and chemical properties were measured after passing the soil through a 2 mm sieve. At the end of the 120-day incubation period at 25°C, the moisture of field capacity, soil reaction in saturated paste, electrical conductivity in saturated extract, organic carbon, and concentration of phosphorus, potassium, and sodium were measured again. This research data analysis was done using SPSS software. Means were compared using Duncan's method at the 5% probability level. Excel software was used to draw graphs.

Results and Discussion

Enriching biochar with selenium reduced soil pH. Applying biochar enriched with selenium at 60 mg/kg increased soil salinity. The amount of organic carbon in the soil increased in proportion to the addition of biochar, which, according to the available reports, more consumption amounts cause a more significant increase in the content of organic carbon in the soil. Enrichment of biochar with selenium increased the effect of biochar on increasing the amount of phosphorus in the soil. With the increase in enrichment, a decreasing trend was observed in saline soil. The amount of available potassium showed an increasing trend with the increase in salinity level The enrichment of biochar with selenium reduced the positive effects of biochar on increasing the amount of potassium, especially in saline soil. In saline soil, adding biochar decreased the amount of soluble sodium, and the amount of enrichment changed the effectiveness of biochar.

Conclusion

Changing the amount of solutes in the soil can change its chemical properties, and these changes manifest in different ways under the influence of biochar and the level of enrichment of biochar with selenium. According to this research, biochar enrichment at 20 mg/kg is suggested to increase biochar's efficiency in reducing salinity's adverse effects on the considered chemical properties.

Author Contributions

All authors contributed equally to the conceptualization of the article and writing of the original and subsequent drafts.

Data Availability Statement

Data available on request from the authors.

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank all participants of the present study.

Ethical considerations

The authors avoided data fabrication, falsification, plagiarism, and misconduct.

Conflict of interest

The author declares no conflict of interest.

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Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
Volume 55, Issue 10
December 2024
Pages 1885-1901

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