مقایسه و ارزیابی تغییرات مکانی اتصال رسوبی و نسبت تحویل رسوب در آبخیز مارچشمه (استان سمنان)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه آبخیزداری، دانشکده مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، ایران

2 دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان – دانشکده مرتع و آبخیزداری، گروه آبخیزداری و مدیریت مناطق بیابانی

3 استاد دانشکده کشاورزی، مهندسی منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه شیراز

4 استادیار گروه مدیریت مناطق بیابانی، دانشکده مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

چکیده

برآورد رسوب‌دهی آبخیز، یک فرآیند مهم در مدیریت آبخیز است. به‌دلیل محدودیت اطلاعات تولید رسوب در آبخیزهای کوچک، روش‌هایی تجربی برای برآورد مقادیر آن در آبخیزهای مختلف توسعه داده شده‌است. اتصال رسوبی یکی از مشخصه‌های مهم تولید رسوب حوضه است و برای تخمین بهتر با نسبت تحویل رسوب (SDR) مقایسه می‌شود. هدف از پژوهش حاضر مقایسه و ارزیابی تغییرات مکانی مقادیر SDR و شاخص اتصال در مقیاس آبخیز کوچک است. این مطالعه در آبخیزمارچشمه استان سمنان با مساحت 2418 هکتار، انجام گردید. در خروجی این آبخیز یک بند خاکی توسط مدیریت آبخیزداری سازمان جهاد سازندگی سابق استان (1373)، احداث شده و در آبخیز بالادست آن هیچ‌گونه عملیات آبخیزداری اجرا نشده است. در سال 1391 توسط مرکز تحقیقات استان سمنان مقدار رسوب به تله افتاده در پشت بند اندازه گیری شد. لازم به ذکر است تا زمان اندازه‌گیری رسوب تمامی رسوب رسیده به‌خروجی آبخیز در مخزن بند به‌تله افتاده و رسوبی از بند سرریز ننموده است. بااستفاده از مقدار رسوب اندازه‌گیری شده، واسنجی مدل WaTEM/SEDEM برای محاسبة SDR انجام شد و مقادیر SDR برای کل حوضه به‌صورت توزیعی برآورد شد. نقشه‌ توزیعی شاخص اتصال رسوبی تهیه شد. بیش‌ترین مقدار نقشه SDR نزدیک به 5/0 و کمترین مقدار آن نزدیک به صفر و شاخص اتصال رسوبی از 71/6- تا 04/3 متغیر بود. براساس هر دو شاخص SDR و IC، نزدیک خروجی آبخیز میزان تحویل رسوب و انتقال رسوب بیشتر از میانگین کل آبخیز است؛ اما در قسمت‌های شمالی آبخیز، تمرکز حوضه بر تحویل و انتقال رسوب نیست. در نظر گرفتن این دوشاخص و نحوه پراکندگی آنها می‌تواند برای اولویت‌بندی مناطق ازنظر مدیریت فرسایش خاک و رسوب مورد اهمیت باشد. این مطالعه، کاربرد به‌روز داده‌های دردسترس و توسعه‌ی پتانسیل تحلیل آنها را نشان می‌دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparison and evaluation of spatial changes of sediment connectivity and sediment delivery ratio in Marcheshme watershed (Semnan province)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Marziye Kayhanpanah 1
  • Ali najafinejad 2
  • Hamidreza Pourghasemi 3
  • Ali Mohammadian Behbahani 4
1 Faculty of Rangeland and Watershed Management, Gorgan University of Agricultural sciences and Natural Resources, Iran
2 Dept. of Watershed management Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences & Natural Resources, Gorgan, IRAN
3 Professor, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Arid Zone Management, Faculty of Rangeland and watershed management, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Watershed sediment yield estimation is an important process in watershed management. Because of limited information on sediment yield in small watersheds, empirical methods are developed in different watersheds. Sediment connectivity is an important characteristic of watershed sediment yield and is compared for better estimation of sediment delivery ratio (SDR). This research aims to compare and evaluate the spatial changes of SDR values and connectivity index on a small watershed scale. This study was conducted in the Marcheshme watershed of Semnan province with an area of 2418 ha. At the outlet of this watershed, an earthen dam was built by the natural resources and watershed management organization of the province (1995). No conservation and management measures were carried out in the watershed. In 2013, the amount of sediment trapped behind the dam was measured by the research center of Semnan province. It should be noted that there isn’t any overflow of the earth dam between 1995 and 2013. The WaTEM/SEDEM model was calibrated to calculate the SDR using the measured amount of sediment, and the SDR values for the entire watershed were distributed. A distribution map of the sediment connectivity index was prepared. The highest value of the SDR map was close to 0.5, the lowest value was close to zero, and the sediment connectivity index varied from -6.71 to 3.04. SDR and IC indices show that the amount of sediment transport and delivery near the outlet is higher than the average value in the watershed area. In the upper part of the watershed, erosion is more than the one in other parts, although SDR and the possibility of sediment connection are less than the ones in other parts. These two indicators and distribution of them can be important for prioritizing areas in terms of soil erosion and sediment management. This study shows the up-to-date application of available data and develops their potential for further analysis.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Structural sediment connectivity
  • Sediment delivery ratio
  • WaTEM/SEDEM Model
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