مطالعه تاثیر سطوح آبیاری، میکوریز و آزوسپریلوم بر صفات فیزیولوژیک، عملکرد کمی و کیفی ارقام جو

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد میانه ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، میانه ، ایران

2 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد میانه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، میانه، ایران

3 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد میانه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، میانه

4 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات ، واحد میانه ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، میانه ، ایران

چکیده

این بررسی با هدف کاهش یا تعدیل اثر تنش خشکی بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ارقام جو با کاربرد کودهای زیستی در دو سال متوالی در مزرعه‌ به صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با 3 تکرار به اجرا درآمد. در سال اول آزمایش، فاکتور اصلی آبیاری در دو سطح (آبیاری نرمال یعنی آبیاری کامل در طول دوره رشد گیاه و آبیاری تا 50 درصد مرحله سنبله‌دهی) و فاکتور فرعی ارقام در چهار سطح (کویر، والفجر، نصرت و یوسف) بود. در سال دوم آزمایش، فاکتور اول آبیاری در چهار سطح (آبیاری کامل در طول دوره رشد گیاه به عنوان شاهد، آبیاری تا 50 درصد مرحله سنبله‌دهی، آبیاری تا 50 درصد مرحله آبستنی و کشت دیم)، فاکتور دوم کودهای بیولوژیک در چهار سطح (کاربرد باکتری محرک رشد آزوسپریلیوم لیپوفروم Azospirillum lipoferum، به کارگیری قارچ میکوریز گونه Glomus intraradices، ترکیب میکوریز و آزوسپریلیوم لیپوفروم، عدم کاربرد میکوریز و باکتری به عنوان شاهد) و فاکتور سوم ارقام در سه سطح (رقم حساس و رقم متحمل برتر حاصل از گزینش سال اول و رقم دیم آبیدر) بود. در شرایط آبیاری نرمال (بدون تنش) بالاترین عملکرد دانه با 7775 کیلوگرم در هکتار مربوط به رقم کویر و کمترین عملکرد دانه با 5650 کیلوگرم در هکتار مربوط به رقم والفجر بود. بیشترین عملکرد دانه در شرایط تنش آبیاری (آبیاری تا 50 درصد مرحله سنبله‌دهی) با 6209 کیلوگرم در هکتار مربوط به رقم نصرت و کمترین عملکرد دانه با 4168 کیلوگرم در هکتار مربوط به رقم کویر بود. در این تحقیق در بین ارقام مورد ارزیابی، رقم نصرت بالاترین مقدار تحمل به تنش را داشت. در حالی که رقم والفجر کمترین مقدار تحمل به تنش را نشان داد و با توجه به نتایج سال اول دو رقم نصرت و والفجر انتخاب گردید. نتایج سال دوم نشان داد که کاربرد باکتری محرک رشد آزوسپریلیوم، قارچ میکوریز و ترکیب میکوریز و آزوسپریلوم نسبت به شاهد (عدم کاربرد میکوریز و باکتری) باعث افزایش 02/2، 38/2 و 31/3 درصدی عملکرد دانه گردید. آبیاری کامل در طول دوره رشد گیاه نسبت به تیمارهای آبیاری تا 50 درصد مرحله آبستنی و کشت دیم باعث افزایش 43/4 و 04/10 درصدی عملکرد دانه گردید. در کل رقم والفجر به دلیل درصد کاهش عملکرد دانه کمتر نسبت به سایر ارقام و برتری این رقم از نظر شاخص حساسیت به تنش انتخاب گردید و این رقم پتانسیل تبدیل به رقم تجاری مناسب را نیر دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Study of the effect of irrigation, mycorrhiza, and azospirillum on the quantitative and qualitative yield of barley varieties

نویسندگان [English]

  • Shahryar Olumi somarin 1
  • Jalil Ajali 2
  • Ali Faramarzi 3
  • Mehrdad Abdi 4
  • Naser Nazari 2
1 Ph.D. Student of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Miyaneh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Miyaneh, Iran
2 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Miyaneh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Miyaneh, Iran
3 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Miyaneh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Miyaneh, Iran
4 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Miyaneh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Miyaneh, Iran
چکیده [English]

 
This field study was conducted with the objective of reducing or alleviating the drought stress effect on yield and yield components of barley varieties by applying biological fertilizers in two consecutive years within the framework of a split plot randomized complete block design with three replications. In the first year of the experiment, the main plot was irrigation at two levels (normal irrigation or full irrigation during the plant growth period, and irrigation until 50% of spike stage) and sub-plot was barley variety (Kavir, Valfajr, Nusrat, and Yusef). In the second year of the experiment, the first factor was irrigation at four levels (full irrigation during the plant growth as the control, irrigation until 50% of spike stage, irrigation until 50% of booting stage, and rainfed cultivation). The second factor was biological fertilizer application at four levels (Azospirillum lipoferum growth-stimulating bacterium, Mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices, combination of Mycorrhizal and Azospirillium lipoform, and control). The third factor was barley variety at three levels (the superior and the susceptible varieties selected from the first year experiment and Abidar rainfed variety). In the normal irrigation conditions (non-stress), the maximum grain yield was 7775 kg/ha for the Kavir variety, and the minimum grain yield was 5650 kg/ha for the Valfajr variety. In irrigation stress conditions (irrigation up to 50% of spike stage), the maximum grain yield was 6209.4 kg/ha for the Nosrat variety, and the minimum grain yield was 4167.7 kg/ha for the Kavir variety. In this research, the Nosrat variety had the maximum tolerance against stress among the studied varieties. However, the Valfajr variety showed minimum drought stress tolerance. According to the results of the first year experiment, two Nosrat and Valfajr varieties were selected. The results of the second year experiment showed that applying Azospirillum lipoferum growth-stimulating bacterium, Mycorrhizal fungus, and the combination of Mycorrhizal and Azospirillium lipoform increased the grain yield up to 2.02, 2.38, and 3.31% compared to the control treatment, respectively. Full irrigation during the plant growth period compared to irrigation treatments up to 50% of the booting stage and rainfed cultivation increased the grain yield by 4.43% and 10.04%, respectively. In general, the Valfajr variety was selected due to the lower percentage of grain yield reduction compared to other varieties and the superiority of this variety in terms of stress sensitivity index, and this variety has the potential to become a suitable commercial variety.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Barley
  • Biofertilizers
  • Drought stress
  • Physiological
  • Quantitative and qualitative yield

EXTENDED ABSTRACT

Introduction

The combined use of Mycorrhizal and Azospirillium lipoform in order to provide a part of the nitrogen requirement of the atmosphere and reduce the osmotic effects caused by spreading nitrogenous fertilizers as a road, as well as reducing the effect of drought stress at the end of the growing season and helping to absorb moisture through mycorrhiza and evaluating the effect These bacteria and fungi are one of the innovative aspects of this research through the evaluation of traits. Therefore, in order to prevent excessive consumption of chemical fertilizers, replacing part of these fertilizers with biological fertilizers is considered as the most desirable solution to increase yield. Since experiments on the effect of biofertilizers (growth-promoting bacteria and mycorrhizae) on the quantitative and qualitative performance of barley cultivars in water-limited conditions have not been conducted in the region; In this regard, this research by reducing the damage caused by the effect of drought on barley cultivars by using Mycorrhizal and Azospirillium lipoform and the possibility of increasing the cultivated area in semi-arid lands, selecting sensitive and tolerant cultivars to drought based on tolerance indicators and determining the effect of mycorrhizal fungi. and azospirillum bacteria on the quantitative and qualitative performance of the selected cultivars of the first year. 

 

Methods and Materials

This field study was conducted with the objective of reducing or alleviating the drought stress effect on yield and yield components of barley varieties by applying biological fertilizers in two consecutive years within the framework of a split plot randomized complete block design with three replications. In the first year of the experiment, the main plot was irrigation at two levels (normal irrigation or full irrigation during the plant growth period, and irrigation until 50% of spike stage) and sub-plot was barley variety (Kavir, Valfajr, Nusrat, and Yusef). In the second year of the experiment, the first factor was irrigation at four levels (full irrigation during the plant growth as the control, irrigation until 50% of spike stage, irrigation until 50% of booting stage, and rainfed cultivation). The second factor was biological fertilizer application at four levels (Azospirillum lipoferum growth-stimulating bacterium, Mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices, combination of Mycorrhizal and Azospirillium lipoform, and control). The third factor was barley variety at three levels (the superior and the susceptible varieties selected from the first year experiment and Abidar rainfed variety).

 

Results and Discussion

In the normal irrigation conditions (non-stress), the maximum grain yield was 7775 kg/ha for the Kavir variety, and the minimum grain yield was 5650 kg/ha for the Valfajr variety. In irrigation stress conditions (irrigation up to 50% of spike stage), the maximum grain yield was 6209.4 kg/ha for the Nosrat variety, and the minimum grain yield was 4167.7 kg/ha for the Kavir variety. In this research, the Nosrat variety had the maximum tolerance against stress among the studied varieties. However, the Valfajr variety showed minimum drought stress tolerance. According to the results of the first year experiment, two Nosrat and Valfajr varieties were selected. The results of the second year experiment showed that applying Azospirillum lipoferum growth-stimulating bacterium, Mycorrhizal fungus, and the combination of Mycorrhizal and Azospirillium lipoform increased the grain yield up to 2.02, 2.38, and 3.31% compared to the control treatment, respectively. Full irrigation during the plant growth period compared to irrigation treatments up to 50% of the booting stage and rainfed cultivation increased the grain yield by 4.43% and 10.04%, respectively.

 

Conclusions

In general, the Valfajr variety was selected due to the lower percentage of grain yield reduction compared to other varieties and the superiority of this variety in terms of stress sensitivity index, and this variety has the potential to become a suitable commercial variety.

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