بررسی اثر محلول‌پاشی سالیسیلیک‌اسید و متانول بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد کلزا تحت تأثیر تنش کم‌آبی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد میانه ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، میانه ، ایران

2 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد میانه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، میانه

3 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد میانه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، میانه، ایران

4 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات ، واحد میانه ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، میانه ، ایران

چکیده

این تحقیق به‌منظور بررسی اثر محلول‌پاشی سالیسیلیک اسید و متانول بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد کلزا تحت تأثیر تنش کم‌آبی کلزا رقم هایولا 401 در منطقه شمس‌آباد دزفول استان خوزستان در سال‌های زراعی 1396 و 1397 اجرا گردید. در این تحقیق دور آبیاری با سه سطح (70، 140 و 210 میلی‌متر تبخیر) به‌عنوان کرت اصلی و سالیسیلیک اسید در سه سطح (0، 100 و 200 میکرومول) و متانول با سه سطح (0 و 10 درصد حجمی و 20 درصد حجمی) به‌عنوان کرت‌های فرعی با سه تکرار انجام شد. از نظر اثرات ساده تیمار کم‌آبی، تیمار محلول‌پاشی سالیسیلیک اسید و تیمار محلول‌پاشی متانول بر اکثر صفات مورد ارزیابی به جز صفات ارتفاع بوته و تعداد خورجین اختلاف معنی‌داری در سطح احتمال یک درصد نشان دادند. اثر متقابل تنش کم‌آبی و سالیسیلیک اسید و متانول تنها در صفت طول خورجین در سطح احتمال یک درصد معنی‌دار بودند. نتایج نشان داد بیشترین عملکرد دانه تحت تنش کم‌آبی 70 میلی‌متر تبخیر و محلول‌پاشی 100 میکرومول سالیسیلیک اسید و 20 درصد حجمی متانول (3272 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و کمترین میزان عملکرد دانه نیز تحت تنش کم‌آبی 210 میلی‌متر تبخیر و عدم محلول‌پاشی سالیسیلیک اسید و محلول‌پاشی 10 درصد حجمی متانول (3150 کیلوگرم در هکتار) به دست آمد. بیشترین درصد روغن در تنش 70 میلی‌متر تبخیر و محلول‌پاشی 200 میکرومول سالیسیلیک اسید و محلول‌پاشی 20 درصد حجمی متانول (3/50 درصد) مشاهده شد و کمترین میزان درصد روغن نیز در تنش 210 میلی‌متر تبخیر و عدم محلول‌پاشی سالیسیلیک اسید و متانول (7/31 درصد) مشاهده شد. با توجه به نتایج بهترین تیمار تنش کم‌آبی 70 میلی‌متر تبخیر بود و با افزایش تنش کم‌آبی، عملکرد کاهش یافت. همچنین با محلول‌پاشی متانول و سالیسیلیک اسید، عملکرد دانه و درصد روغن افزایش یافت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the effect of foliar spraying of salicylic acid and methanol on yield and yield components of Brassica napus under drought stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • Samaneh Safajo 1
  • Ali Faramarzi 2
  • Jalil Ajali 3
  • Mehrdad Abdi 4
  • Mehdi Orei 3
1 Ph.D. Student of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Miyaneh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Miyaneh, Iran
2 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Miyaneh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Miyaneh, Iran
3 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Miyaneh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Miyaneh, Iran.
4 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Miyaneh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Miyaneh, Iran
چکیده [English]

 
This research was conducted to study the effect of salicylic acid (SA) and methanol (M) spraying on yield and components yield of rapeseed, Hayola 401 cultivar, under deficit-irrigation stress conditions in Khuzestan province, Shams Abad, Dezful region in 2016 and 2017 crop years. In this research, the irrigation cycle was conducted in three levels (70, 140, and 210 mm evaporation) as the main plot, SA in three levels (0, 100, and 200 µmol), and M in 3 levels (0, 10, and 20 v %) as the secondary plots with three replications. According to the simple effect of deficit-irrigation treatment, SA and M spraying treatments showed a significant difference in 1% p-value at the most evaluated traits except the plant height and the number of pods. The two-way effect of deficit-irrigation stress and SA and M was significant only in the traits of pod length at a 1% significant level. The results showed that the maximum yield of grain was obtained under deficit-irrigation stress with 70 mm evaporation, 100 µmol SA solution spraying and 20 v% M spraying (3272 kg/ha). In addition, the minimum yield of grain was obtained under the deficit-irrigation stress condition with 210 mm evaporation, zero-spraying SA, and 10 v% M spraying (315 kg/ha). The maximum oil percentage was observed in stress with 70 mm evaporation, 200 µmol SA spraying, and 20 v% of M (50.3%). In addition, the minimum oil percentage was observed in 210 mm evaporation and zero-spraying SA and M (31.7%). Based on the results, the best deficit-irrigation treatment was 70 mm evaporation, and yield decreased by increasing the deficit-irrigation stress. Moreover, the gain yield and oil percentage increased by M and SA solutions spraying.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Dehydration
  • foliar spraying methanol
  • salicylic acid
  • seed yield
  • Brassica napus

EXTENDED ABSTRACT

 

Introduction:

 Oilseeds are the second largest food reserves in the world after cereals. Rapeseed, as one of the most important oil plants after soybean and oil palm, is the third source of vegetable oil in the world. In recent years, a lot of research has been done on substances such as methanol, butanol, glycine, to increase the yield of three-carbon crops, and it has attracted the attention of researchers. However, the simultaneous foliar spraying of salicylic acid and methanol on rapeseed has not been investigated. Accordingly, in this research, the effect of foliar spraying of salicylic acid and methanol on yield and yield components of rapeseed under the influence of drought stress was investigated. This research was conducted to study the effect of salicylic acid (SA) and methanol (M) spraying on yield and components yield of rapeseed, Hayola 401 cultivar, under low-irrigation stress conditions in Khuzestan province, Shams Abad, Dezful region in 2016 and 2017 crop years.


Research Method:

 In this research, the irrigation cycle was conducted in three levels (70, 140, and 210 mm evaporation) as the main plot, SA in three levels (0, 100, and 200 µmol), and M in 3 levels (0, 10, and 20 v %) as the secondary plots with three replications. In this research, traits such as grain yield, number of spikelets per plant, number of seeds per spikelet, length of spikelets, weight of 1000 seeds, harvest index (calculated by dividing seed yield by biological yield and calculated as a percentage), plant height, biological yield were evaluated. In this research, software such as SPSS-24 (SPSS Inc. 1996), SAS, and MSTATC (MSTAT-C. 1993) were used. Means were compared using Duncan's multiple range test. EXCEL software was used to draw the graphs.

Findings:

According to the simple effect of low-irrigation treatment, SA and M spraying treatments showed a significant difference in 1% p-value at the most evaluated traits except the plant height and the number of pods. The two-way effect of low-irrigation stress and SA and M was significant only in the traits of pod length at a 1% significant level. The results showed that the maximum yield of grain was under low- irrigation stress with 70 mm evaporation, 100 µmol SA solution spraying, and 20 v% M spraying (3272 kg/ha). In addition, the minimum yield of grain was obtained under the low-irrigation stress condition with 210 mm evaporation, SA non-spraying, and 10 v% M spraying (315 kg/ha). The maximum oil percentage was observed in stress with 70 mm evaporation, 200 µmol SA spraying, and 20 v% of M (50.3%). In addition, the minimum oil percentage was observed in 210 mm evaporation and SA and M non-spraying (31.7%).

Conclusions:

 Based on the results, the best low- irrigation treatment was 70 mm evaporation, and yield decreased by increasing the low-irrigation stress. Moreover, the gain yield and oil percentage increased by M and SA solutions spraying.

 

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تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران
دوره 54، شماره 1
فروردین 1402
صفحه 205-222

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