اثر تلقیح باکتری‌های محرک رشد گیاه با خاک و سطوح مختلف کود فسفاته بر روی رشد و عملکرد گندم پاییزه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اصفهان، ایران

2 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد ایلام، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ایلام، ایران

چکیده

در حـال‌حاضـر باکتری‌های افزاینده رشد گیاه به‌عنوان گزینه‌ای برای افزایش کارآیی کودهای شیمیایی، به‌منظور افزایش حاصلخیزی خاک در تولید محصولات در کشاورزی پایدار مطـرح شـده‌اند. به منظور بررسی تأثیر تلقیح و کارایی باکتری‌های محرک رشد گیاه بر خصوصیات رشدی، دسترسی به عناصر غذایی، رشد و عملکرد گندم پاییزه مهدوی و سطوح مختلف کود فسفاته، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در شرایط مزرعه ای اجرا شد. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل پنج سطح کود فسفره (P) شامل عدم مصرف، 25، 50،  75 و 100 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود فسفاته براساس آنالیز خاک و تلقیح خاک با باکتری در چهار سطح عدم تلقیح خاک (I0)، تلقیح خاک با ازتوباکتر (I1)، تلقیح خاک با سودوموناس (I2)، تلقیح خاک با ازتوباکتر و سودوموناس (I3)  بود. نتایج حاصل از تجزیه واریانس صفات ارتفاع گیاه، طول ریشه و درصد جوانه‌زنی بذرهای گندم نشان دادند که بین سطوح مختلف کود فسفاته، نوع باکتری تلقیح شده و اثر متقابل آن‌ها در کلیه این صفات به جز درصد جوانه‌زنی اختلاف آماری معنی‌دار وجود داشت. در این پژوهش تیمار 100 درصد نیاز کود فسفره همراه تلقیح خاک با  ازتوباکتر و سودوموناس بالاترین تأثیر را در افزایش پارامترهای فسفر خاک (41%)، رشد و ارتفاع (28%)، عملکرد دانه (27%)، اجزای عملکرد (31% وزن دانه) و فسفردانه (38%) گندم نشان داد. افزایش در وزن کل گیاه به وسیله ریزوباکترها به واسطه افزایش در جذب عناصر غذایی و در نتیجه رشد بهتر گیاه می‌باشد که می-تواند موجب شاخص برداشت بالاتری گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of plant growth promoting bacteria inoculated in soil and different rates of phosphorous fertilizer on growth and yield of autumn wheat

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Mirzaei Heydari 1
  • Zahra Babaei 2
1 Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
2 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Ilam Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ilam, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Recently, growth-promoting bacteria have been proposed as complementary and increased efficiency of chemical fertilizers in order to increase soil fertility in crop production in sustainable agriculture. In order to study the effect and efficacy of plant growth promoting bacteria and different rates of phosphorous fertilizer on growth parameters, nutrient availability and wheat yield (Mahdavi variety), a field experiment was conducted as factorial based on completely randomized block design in three replications. Experimental factors include five rates of phosphorous (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 kg/ha P) and soil inoculation with bacteria at four levels including no-inoculation (Control, I0), inoculation with Azotobacter (I1), inoculation with Pseudomonas (I2) and inoculation with Azotobacter and Pseudomonas (I3). Results of variance analysis showed a significant difference on the effect of seed inoculation and phosphorous levels on plant height, root length and germination percent of wheat seeds. In this research, the treatment of 100 percent P-requirement in the soil inoculated with Azotobacter and Pseudomonas showed a greatest effect on increasing soil phosphorous (27%), growth (28%), yield (27%), yield components (31% grain yiehd) and grain phosphorous (27%) of autumn wheat. Increase in plant dry weight by rhizobacteria is due to increase in nutrients uptake and subsequently better plant growth which could result in higher harvesting index.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Azotobacter
  • Bio-fertilizer
  • Inorganic Fertilizer
  • Pseudomonas
  • Soil Inoculation
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